The Romantic Works Of John Keats, Percy Shelley, And...

The romantic period, lasting from the late 18th to the early 19th century, followed the Age of Reason. During this time people had an individualized, free, liberal, and imaginative attitude towards life. Literature itself was full of introspection, emotion, passion, sublimity, beauty, and spontaneity, with subjects such as humankind, the soul, flowers, the common people and more. Of all of the Romantic values and subjects, the beauty, creativity, and morals of nature is what truly inspired human imagination, and thus literature of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. The underlying theme of nature that is persistent through romantic poetry creates a bond between the poet and the common man through short poems that express personal emotion that all can feel, as we all are connected to nature. This can be seen through the works of John Keats, Percy Shelley, and William Blake. Percy Shelley was a joyful and optimistic Romantic poet of the time who was concerned with the beauty a nd passions of nature, creativity, and imagination. Nature is an ever present theme in his poetry as he feels closely connected to nature’s power. Ode to the West Wind is one of his most notable poems, and one that truly exemplifies the idea of expressing personal emotion and feeling by using metaphors from nature. He uses the west wind to symbolize the power of nature and the imagination that was thus inspired by nature. It was almost even an agent for change. In the poem, the wild West windShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance And Romanticism During The 19th Century1245 Words   |  5 Pageslearning during the Renaissance, because of the invention of the printing press and the return of classical Greek and Roman literature. The Romantic period occurred during the late eighteenth century, as a response to the Enlightenment. The Romantics believed in the importance of the imagination and turned away from logical thinking. The Renaissance and the Romantic periods are similar, be cause they focus on individuality and occur as a rebellion to the previous period; but they are also different,Read MoreEssay on Romantic Poetry1126 Words   |  5 Pagesthing. Devices such as assonance, alliteration and rhythm work in a poem to convey a certain image or to facilitate understanding. Similes and metaphors can take two unlike objects, such as a potato and cinderblock, and if done the correct way use them to describe how Abraham Lincoln dealt with scoundrels. Poetry is beautiful. One of the best genres in poetry, let alone a great literary movement is Romanticism or the post-enlightenment Romantics. Romanticism was a philosophical and literary movementRead More The Romanticism Period 1174 Words   |  5 Pagesmodern views of art, literature, music, and other aspects in life. Romanticism was the â€Å"reaction against artistic styles of classical antiquity, which was neoclassicism.† Neoclassicists focused on the power of reasoning to discover the truth while Romantics focused on the hope to transform the world through the power of imagination. They had a deep love for nature (Furst 302). The aspects of romanticism are important; they are the beliefs of this period. The first aspect includes nature, which allowsRead MoreEssay about Romanticism1678 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism, Romanticism, in a way, was a reaction against rigid Classicism, Rationalism, and Deism of the eighteenth century. Strongest in application between 1800 and 1850, the Romantic Movement differed from country to country and from romanticist to romanticist. Because it emphasized change it was an atmosphere in which events occurred and came to affect not only the way humans thought and expressed them, but also the way they lived socially and politically (Abrams, M.H. Pg. 13). â€Å"RomanticismRead MoreCharles Baudelaire And Victor Hugo976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Romantic movement with his poems. Often compared with Wordsworth, Baudelaire s French poems surfaced an ease of poetic elaboration. His poems including the L Ame du Vin and Mort des Artistes are popular for the thematic basis of defining the pursuits of life and art. The English romantic poetry is dense and divided into two eras; William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Blake wrote in the first half of the romantic period and Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats wroteRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of William Wordsworth, Nathaniel Hawthorne, And Edgar Allen Poe1019 Words   |  5 PagesTitle *In the interest of your time, I strayed away from repeating the story of the works and jumped strain into analysis The Romantic Period, an era described as an expression of emotional exuberance, unrestrained imagination, spontaneity in both art and personal life, enchantment of poetry, and the embracing of the unknown. It is perhaps the rebellious condition of man to accept such liberal ideals in contrast to the conservative threshold of the Catholic Church. The response to the enlightenmentRead MoreEssay about Prometheus Unbound2388 Words   |  10 PagesPrometheus Unbound: The Quintessential Philosophy of Percy Bysshe Shelley Three years before his death, Shelley wrote what many consider his masterpiece, Prometheus Unbound. Considering Shelleys rebellious nature, the choice of the authority defying Prometheus as hero is not surprising. For Shelley, Prometheus came to symbolize the mind or soul of man in its highest potential. Two of Shelleys favorite themes lie at the heart of Prometheus Unbound: the external tyranny of rulers, customsRead MoreRomanticism1649 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism in the Nineteenth Century The Romantic period followed the era of logical, philosophical, and social movement in the 17th to 18th century. However, as the 19th century began, Romanticism came into the light with a new perspective that intrigued the people. It stressed emphasis on emotions and imagination while also helping to realize the importance of self-expression. The American Romanticism movement illustrated inspiration, bias and predominance of individuals in the nineteenth centuryRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of John Dickens, Nathaniel Hawthorne, And Edgar Allen Poe1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe Romantic Period, an era described as an expression of emotional liveliness, unrestrained imagination, impulse in both art and personal life, enchantment of poetry, and the embracing of the unknown . It is perhaps the rebellious condition of man to accept such liberal ideals in contrast to the conservative threshold of the Catholic Church. The response to the enlightenment era of logic and reason was cried from the footprints of historical sands. Notable figures that stood out as leaders of thisRead MoreRomanticism in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay2052 Words   |  9 PagesMary Shelley, with her brilliant tale of mankinds obsession with two opposing forces: creation and science, continues to draw readers with Frankensteins many meanings and effect on society. Frankenstein has had a major influence across literature and pop culture and was one of the major contributors to a completely new genre of horror. Frankenstein is most famous for being arguably considered the first fully-realized science fiction novel. In Frankenstein, some of the main concepts behind the literary

Social Mktg Essay examples - 2044 Words

MKTG309: Social Marketing and Sustainability Individual Assignment Starbucks social marketing campaign Name: FEI XUE ID: 42498155 Contents Background, Target Audience amp; Behavior Change 3 Behavior change model 7 First 6 of the 16 tips for success analysis: 8 Conclusion and Recommendation 10 Reference List 11 Before describe and discuss prior social marketing campaign, we understand that social marketing is the focus on behavior, not awareness or attitude change. Besides, social marketing results in benefit to individuals or society, not just focus on organization benefit and profits. Organization runs social marketing†¦show more content†¦Obviously, Starbucks advocate recycle, at the same time change audience waste behavior. The target audiences are ready for bring their reusable mug to get free drinks in campaign day. They do not worry about anything.Starbucks owes its success to a well-defined target audience! According to the definition of social marketing campaign barriers, barriers may be related to several factors: knowledge, beliefs, skills economic status, cultural influences etc. For study Starbucks campaign barriers, we focus on both elements: internal and external. * Internal barriers: e.g. Lack of knowledge and skills. 1. Some customers do not care about â€Å"recycle† or â€Å"free drinks†, I believe a part of people give up join the campaign and â€Å"run† their behavior like before. 2. Pay attention to the condition of join Starbucks social marketing campaign, reusable mug or tumbler is compulsory. Some customers do not meet campaign’s basic condition. 3. Some customers do not know Starbucks campaign. (Lack of advertising) * External barriers: The campaign is happened in USA and Canada store, therefore we must promise every store have ability â€Å"run† Starbucks campaign without accidents. Besides, beware of other competitors make trouble an d influence campaign keep going. To overcome those barriers, organization makes several measures: 1. If customers do not have reusable mug or tumbler, they will be available for 20% off on Earth Day, April 22. Let moreShow MoreRelatedFord Case Study Questions1599 Words   |  7 PagesCase Questions MKTG 621 1. According to Exhibit 3 on page 11, who is the primary purchaser of a B Segment Vehicle? Exhibit 3 provides the information about the B segment purchaser information using the data collected from a total of 3,481 people. It is clear that about 73.4 % (about two third) of the B segment car purchasers were over the age of 40. Among them, people in the age group of 50-55 topped the chart with 14.3%. The primary purchasers for the B segment car would be the people betweenRead MoreTexas A M University s Social Media1931 Words   |  8 Pages Texas AM University’s Social Media Autumn McKenzie MKTG 448 9 December 2014 Introduction Texas AM is a premier public university located in College Station, Texas. With land, sea, and space grants and 16 colleges, Texas AM develops Aggies to become leaders and good citizens in various industries. Texas AM constantly ranks in the top ten on various lists, including those complied by The Wall Street Journal, U.S. News World Report, New York Times,1 and Military Times.2 With activeRead MoreHow Social Media Influences Your Shopping Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesBuyer Behaviour Report: How Social Media influences your shopping behaviour. Group Members Bopha Soun – S3240240 David James Cooper – S3237119 Hiu Ying Man – S3320346 Course: Buyer Behaviour Course ID: MKTG- 1050 Semester 1 Tutor Name: Brian McCauley At the present time social media is the one of the most powerful waysRead MoreHow Effective Is A Personal Branding? Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pages Student: Dante Barros Class: MKTG-304-30 Professor: Leslie Vermillion Date: 12/11/2016 University of the District of Columbia How effective is a personal branding? Contents Introduction 3 We can say 3 What is understood as personal brand? 4 The Greatest Example 7 Conclusion 8 Introduction Achieving a successful personal brand is today the main way to achieve professional achievement. The visual image provides the opportunity for the human being to feel, appreciateRead MoreFiji Water Case Study Essay2210 Words   |  9 PagesFIJI Water and Corporate Social Responsibility - Green Makeover or â€Å"greenwashing†? Case Study Marcella Biazon Principles of Marketing Dr. Konya Weber September 20, 2012 FIJI Water Case Study A corporation that says it is socially responsible, claims that they are concerned for societys welfare; which also includes the environment, because now days, we are a lot more concerned about our environment and how everything affect it. The corporation will make sure toRead MoreMonsanto Case Study Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesParker Gross MKTG 495 Case #3 – Monsanto I: Situation Analysis Monsanto is a company that some people may not be explicitly familiar with on a first name basis. However, the work that the company has done over the last century, with a larger emphasis on its most recent ventures, have been deeply engrained in our lives, our food, and our economy. Monsanto has those who advocate on their behalf in addition to their naysayers. While Monsanto has made huge strides in terms of biotechnology overRead MoreMazda: Positioning a Product Line1128 Words   |  5 PagesTEGRATED MARKETI G COMMU ICATIO (MKTG 6140) Case Summary †¢ Lack focus in marketing and advertising plan. †¢ Weak positioning, focus on value for money only. †¢ Introduced new marketing strategy. †¢ New slogan – â€Å"Get In. Be Moved† for Protà ©gà © (1999). †¢ New approach used to cater new target market. †¢ Introduced new slogan – â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† (make fun to drive for adults). †¢ New model - MAZDASPEED Protegà ©, Protegà ©5 and MAZDA6. 2 I TEGRATED MARKETI G COMMU ICATIO (MKTG 6140) History 1984 1927 1920 Read MoreThe Concept Of Family Life Cycle1411 Words   |  6 Pagesmight be used as vehicles for the marketing effort. Be sure to justify your selections â€Å"The family life cycle (FLC) is a series of stages determined by a combination of age, marital status, and the presence or absence of children† (Chapter 8, page 146, MKTG). FLC is used in marketing to narrow down target markets. Marketing managers choose their market by determining who has a need for their product and focus on that particular group. Marketing to the correct group of the FLC will save marketing budgetsRead MoreThroughout This Internship, Courses Like Coms 123: Writing944 Words   |  4 PagesWriting for Public Information, COMS 121: Media Aesthetics, MKTG 125: Advertising, and COMS 187: Issue Management and Case Study PR comprehensively prepared me for what my internship requests of me. I have successfully applied my understanding of writing and creating for the media, but there are more courses that would have greatly benefitted me. Courses that may have been useful to take include JOUR 153: Mass Media Law and Regulation, MKTG 123: Public Relations and Ethics, and a course in VisualRead MoreDaimler/Bmw – a New Breed of Driver640 Words   |  3 Pagesaddress environmental influence on how products and services are delivered, and to work with the natural environment instead of slowly destroying it. Also people Consumer behavior is deeply influenced by factors, such as buyer’s culture, subculture and social class and age. Each generation will search for, select and purchase a product or service for use and disposal based on personal wants and needs. Each of these groups is a different segment of the market. For example a business wants to cater to those

Countrywide Home Loans †Analysis Essay Sample free essay sample

Countrywide Home Loans is one of the larges mortgage companies in the United States. The company was founded in 1969 and the concern is focused chiefly on existent estate finance and related activities. For old ages the company has been systematically among the top mortgage companies in the state. Recently. the mortgage industry has been in convulsion. Adjustable rate mortgages and a hapless lodging market are a few of the factors that are doing the industry to be indispensable turned inverted. Even when faced with today’s hapless lodging market and a clip when many mortgage companies have either closed their doors or filed for bankruptcy protection. Countrywide Home Loans has survived its ain battle to stay one of the most profitable mortgage companies in the United States. A bulk of Countrywide’s gross is generated through two beginnings. One of those beginnings is through loan inception. Loan inception is the procedure in which the loaner really financess the loan. We will write a custom essay sample on Countrywide Home Loans – Analysis Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An illustration would be when a borrower decides to refinance or buy a place. the borrower will work with the loaner to O.K. their loan so the loaner can shut and fund the loan. The other beginning of gross is through loan service. This procedure is after the loan has closed and the loaner gets paid for roll uping payments from borrowers. Not merely will Countrywide serve their ain loans. but they besides buy loans from other loaners and agents to add to their portfolio. After studies of net income of over 2 billion dollars the past two old ages. Countrywide is non on gait to make that mark this twelvemonth ( hypertext transfer protocol: //finance. Google. com/finance? q=NYSE: CFC ) . The company’s sulky studies are more of a contemplation of the current province of the market so of its ain schemes. â€Å"Over the past few old ages. the most common type of sub premier loan has been adjustable-rate mortgages known as the 2/28 ARM. Since mid-July. five of the six biggest bomber premier mortgage loaners stopped offering 2/28 ARM’s. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //bankrate. com/brm/news/mortgages/subprime_20070726_a1. asp? prodtype=mtg ) . A 2/28 ARM is an adjustable rate mortgage that is fixed for merely the first two old ages and so becomes an adjustable rate mortgage after that. One major company who has fallen during the lodging diminution has been New Century Mortgage. â€Å"New Century has become the prime illustration of a group of companies that grew quickly during the lodging roar. selling propertyless Americans with questionable recognition immense Numberss of â€Å"sub prime† loans with â€Å"teaser† rates that typically rose after the first two old ages. This concern transformed the once-tiny New Century into a loaning human dynamo that was held up as a theoretical account of the mortgage industry’s success. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/06/AR2007050601402. hypertext markup language ) . The speedy rise to the top was a short extremum as New Century Mortgage was one of the largest companies to travel under. â€Å"New Century listed liabilities of more than $ 100 million in its Chapter 11 documents filed with the U. S. Bankruptcy Court in Wilmington. Delaware – the largest bankruptcy instance to day of the month in the bomber premier mortgage sector. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. iht. com/articles/2007/04/02/business/loans. php ) † New Century was a sub premier loaner. A sub premier loaner is a loaner that lends money to borrowers with less than perfect recognition. A major ground for the prostration of the sub premier market was because many borrowers were given adjustable rate mortgages but were qualified merely on the payment during the fixed period. These merchandises were pitched as â€Å"band-aid loans† . The merchandise was being sold since rates were at an all clip low and borrower’s had equity in their place so they were able to afford to pay off all of their recognition card debt with the refinance. A huge bulk of these loans were 30 twelvemonth loans where the involvement rate was fixed for merely 2 old ages. What has happened and will go on to go on will be that the loan will come in its accommodation period and borrowers will non be able to afford their new payment. Since belongings values have stabilized. borrowers will no longer be able to refinance and hard currency out and the equity on their places since there is no longer equity in the place. The concatenation reaction to that is places will travel into foreclosure ; investors will fasten their criterions on purchasing loans which is basically pass overing out the sub premier market. â€Å"In add-on. tightened lending criterions stemming from the bomber premier crisis likely mean fewer purchasers. forcing down place monetary values. hypertext transfer protocol: //money. cnn. com/2007/08/10/real_estate/mortgage_rates/index. htm? postversion=2007081016† . Countrywide has avoided become victim to this job for a few grounds. One ground is that the company offers a broad merchandise mix. The company does non hold a niche market. They offer A through C paper merchandises. An â€Å"A Paper† is considered a borrower with first-class recognition and a solid occupation history. A â€Å"C Paper† borrower is described as person who have defects on their recognition and/or they are delinquent on the mortgage payment presently on in the recent yesteryear while â€Å"B Paper falls in between. The bulk of loans underwritten today are still â€Å"A Paper† loans. Since Countrywide offers a broad assortment of loan merchandises. the company can defy the blow of defaulting loans since it has a big portfolio of good loans. A bulk of the mortgage loaners who went out of concern were purely â€Å"Non A-Paper† or sub premier loaners. Another ground how Countrywide has avoided traveling under is because the company services their ain loans. This has enabled Countrywide to keep on to there sub premier loans in a market in which investors have small involvement. Most mortgage loaners do non hold that luxury. Not merely does Countrywide hold the hard currency on manus to service sub premier loans. they still have one million millions of dollars available to them in warehouse lines. The ability of non being dependent on investors purchasing their loans has greatly impacted Countrywide’s ability to stay profitable during the mortgage radioactive dust. â€Å"The nation’s biggest mortgage loaner sells two-thirds of its loans to government-sponsored endeavors like Fannie Mae. which are under authorization to maintain purchasing loans. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. forbes. com/feeds/ap/2007/08/03/ap3984906. html† . â€Å"In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing. the Calabasas. California-based company said it was at midyear utilizing $ 93. 3 billion of its $ 283. 6 billion of short-run liquidness. go forthing $ 190. 3 billion untapped. It listed $ 3. 8 billion of long-run debt maturing within six months. hypertext transfer protocol: //money. cnn. com/2007/08/06/news/companies/countrywide_liquidity. reut/index. htm† . Countrywide is besides remaining active in the retail mortgage market in order to last. â€Å"Countrywide Financial Corp. will purchase up to five retail loan inception subdivisions in Georgia. Florida and North Carolina from HomeBanc Corp. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bizjournals. com/jacksonville/stories/2007/08/06/daily20. html† . By purchasing smaller companies. Countrywide is able to keep its footmark in the retail mortgage market without holding to open new subdivisions. The company can transition the freshly acquired subdivisions to follow with the company’s criterions. Countrywide is besides harvesting the benefits merely because they are a big company that can defy the blows from a down market. â€Å"†The consolidation will drive the concern wholly to the largest participants. † said Brenda White. pull offing manager at Deloitte A ; Touche Corporate Finance LLC in New York. who consults on acquisitions. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. sltrib. com/business/ci_6569222â€Å" . A major advantage to being a big loaner is that the company will non be affected by the crisp addition in foreclosures and delinquent mortgages. â€Å"Countrywide said expected foreclosures as a per centum of unpaid principal rose to 1. 04 per centum from 0. 46 per centum a twelvemonth earlier. and 0. 96 per centum in June. Delinquencies rose to 5. 10 per centum from 4. 11 per centum last July. and June’s 4. 98 per centum. hypertext transfer protocol: //money. cnn. com/2007/08/14/news/companies/bc. countrywide. loaning. reut/index. htm postversion=2007081411† . Even with all of the convulsion that is presently blighting the mortgage industry. there will ever be net incomes to be had. Due to the fact there they will ever be the demand for places ; there will besides be a demand for money to be lent to them. Baring fortunes where borrowers do non necessitate to borrow money. there will ever be a market for loaning establishments. Since Countrywide has grown to the size that they presently are. they have the resources available to defy any dangers that may come across in the approaching months. As companies continue to shut their doors. big companies like countrywide will be able to go on to impart to borrowers which will enable them to stay one of the largest and most profitable companies in the mortgage industry.

Nature versus Nurture an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Nature versus Nurture by Expert Prof. Fiona | 15 Dec 2016 Nature versus Nurture: Which is More Influential to Our Life Traits? It is a fact of life that we are products of heredity and environment. But in the debate of which has more influence in our life traits, I would say it would be the environment, or the nurture aspect of our development. Need essay sample on "Nature versus Nurture" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In the study of development, nature refers to inherited (genetic) influences on growth and functioning. Some inherited characteristics appear in virtually everyone. For instance, almost all children have natural talents for upright locomotion (walking, running, etc.), language, imitation, and the use of simple tools. Other inherited characteristics differ from one inpidual to another: these include stature, physical appearance, and athletic ability. In some studies, psychological traits as temperament (e.g., the tendency to be shy instead of outgoing), aggression, and intelligence may also be partly influenced by genetics (Petrill & Wilkerson, 2000). Students Often Tell EssayLab writers:Who wants to write essay for me?Essay writer professionals suggest: Essaylab.Com Offers A Top-Quality Academic EssayEssay Writing Help Service I Need Someone To Write My Essay For Me Top Essay Writing Online Essay Writing Jobs For Students On the other hand, natures partner is nurture, the influence of factors in human environments. Nurture includes the effects of family, peers, schools, neighborhoods, culture, the media, the broader society, and the physical environment. Nurture affects children's development through multiple channelsphysically through nutrition and activity; intellectually through informal experiences and formal instruction; socially through adult role models and peer relationships. Historically, Francis Galton was the first to introduce the phrase nature versus nurture, and although he clearly favored the former as an explanation of human behavior, he had little direct evidence to support his bias. Nevertheless, Galtons contributions, admittedly with substantial subsequent modification, are those still used today for studying heredity, and hence the role of genes, in human populations. He was also among the first to recognize that the offspring of parents representing one extreme or the other of a given trait within a population tend to be more like the average for the population than do their parents. This reversion to the mean led Galton to doubt for awhile the possibilities of selective breeding as a means of altering human phenotypes. Galton was also the first to recognize the unique possibilities offered by the study of twins in matters relating to human genetics, although he never really pursued this possibility. By the end of his studies Galton was convinced that most human traits are indeed heritable. Although contemporary scientists would be unlikely to find his results compelling in terms of the data he had at hand, his various publications on the subject stimulated others to take up where he had left off (Cary 2004, p. 227). No doubt that nature and nurture are inextricably intertwined in their effects on human development. While theorists continue to debate the relative influences of nature and nurture, people usually manage to combine these forces skillfully and naturally. For example, imagine an adolescent girl who is growing rapidly, thanks to genetic instructions activated by puberty (nature); she is also fueled by tasty meals prepared by her parents and extended family (nurture). She is less inclined to be athletic compared to many of her peers (nature) but still joins the girls basketball team because she is encouraged to do so by her best friend (nurture). In my case, growing up in an American society, which is quite liberal, I assume the traits of the environment where I had been brought up. I had learned to become independent and my mindset had been shaped by the American ideologies and norms. But, what if I was born in India? Maybe, my life traits and mindset would entirely be different, since the culture in that country is different from America. My hereditary traits are already given, since my human capabilities will be the result of the genes passed on from my parents. However, the life traits that I developed have been entirely the result of the environment that I had been accustomed in. Indeed, nurture is more likely to develop our life traits and personalities because majority of it is influenced by our environment. Peoples personalities can be described in a variety of ways. Some people seem to be perfectionists; they can be critical, impatient, demanding, and intense. Other kinds of people are more relaxed and easygoing. You may have friends who always seem to have something to smile about and are fun to be around. Or perhaps you have friends who are shy and quiet; they are hard to get to know and may sometimes seem dull. In each of these examples, we are describing what people are generally like without referring to their specific feelings, thoughts, and behaviors in any given situation. In formulating a general description of someone, we try to pinpoint something that is relatively enduring about the person, something that seems to explain the regularities or patterns we observe in the way the person thinks, feels, and behaves. This is because personality is the pattern of relatively enduring ways that a person feels, thinks, and behaves. Personality is an important factor in accounting for why people act the way they do in societies and why they have favorable or unfavorable attitudes toward other people. In the life of each person, biological and social-environmental-cultural influences interact in the development of the personality system. If inpiduals are genetically and temperamentally disposed toward greater aggressiveness, for example, they soon become more likely to interpret the motives of other people as aggressive and to anticipate aggression from others (Dodge, 1986). They also may confirm these expectations and beliefs by behaving more aggressively, thereby evoking more aggressive reactions. Likewise, as aggressiveness becomes an established pattern, it also may be incorporated into the values and self-standards and goals of the inpidual. Each time the aggressive pattern is activated, it becomes more easily accessible in the system as a dominant response tendency, triggered even by minor frustrations and stress. Increasingly the person also may seek out peers and groups likely to further support this type of behavior and to strengthen it as a source both for self-esteem and peer approval. A common example is when aggressively inclined adolescents are drawn to like-minded peers in aggressive groups and gangs that then collectively and mutually further support their aggressive tendencies. In sum, as the example suggests, the early behavioral tendencies in the person interact with the psychological environment over the course of time as personality develops and becomes expressed in relatively stable ways (Contrada, Leventhal, Leary, 1990). The above example shows how a dispositional tendency like aggression may be reinforced early in life by the social environment and then becomes well established. But our inpidual tendencies are not necessarily determinants of your fate in life. For example, the studies about socialization experiences can help infants who are temperamentally shy to develop into people who are not shy: because social experiences can modify temperament, biology does not have to be destiny (Schmidt & Fox, 2002). Moreover, I do not entirely deem that it is nurture that is solely responsible because personality is partially determined by nature, or biological heritage. The genes that a person inherited from their parents influence how their personality has unfolded. Although specific genes for personality have not yet been identified, psychologists have studied identical twins in an attempt to discover the extent to which personality is inherited. Because identical twins possess identical genes, they have the same genetic determinants of personality. Identical twins who grow up together in the same family have the same permissive or strict parents and similar life experiences. If the twins have similar personalities, it is impossible to identify the source of the similarity because they have not only the same genetic makeup but also similar life experiences. In contrast, identical twins who are separated at birth and raised in different settings (perhaps because they are adopted by different families) share the same genetic material but often have very different life experiences. This means that even though they have quite similar genetic makeup, their life traits will not be similar because of the different environments they were exposed in. If I were to become a twin, I would prefer to become a fraternal twin because my identity will be more defined compared to being identical. As a child, it could be quite disconcerting to be confused of somebody that you are not most of the time. This is because even though identical twins are similar in appearance and the environment they grew up in, there are still slightly different characteristic traits. By separating identical twins at birth and placing them in totally different environments, researchers have assessed the impact of environment unambiguously. There are a fair number of cases in which identical twins are put up for adoption at birth and are raised in substantially different environments. Such instances allow us to draw fairly confident conclusions about the relative contributions of genetics and environment. Unfortunately, the data from identical twins raised in different environments are not always without bias. Adoption agencies typically take the characteristics (and wishes) of birth mothers into account when they place babies in adoptive homes. For instance, children tend to be placed with families of the same race and religion. Consequently, even when monozygotic twins are placed in different adoptive homes, there are often similarities in the two home environments. The consequence is that researchers can't always unambiguously attribute differences in behavior to genetics or environment. As personality develops over time, people refer to their experiences as children when they become adults. Factors such as the strictness or permissiveness of a child's parents, the number of other children in the family, the extent to which parents and teachers demand a lot from a child, success or lack of success at making friends or getting and keeping a job, and even the culture in which a person is raised and lives as an adult are shapers of personality. Because about half of the variation in people's personalities is inherited from their parents and, thus, is basically fixed at birth, it comes as no surprise that personality is quite stable over periods of time ranging. However, this does not mean that personality cannot change; it means that personality is likely to change only over many years. Thus, the impact of any specific situation or crisis on a persons personality is likely to be felt only if the situation continues for many years. An important outcome of this fact is that we should not expect to change any persons personalities as the way they are. As studies, as of the present time, could not answer the question which is more influential between nature and nurture, we should satisfy ourselves with the explanation that both have pivotal roles in developing our life traits as a whole person. Thus, it is safer to deem that virtually all traits, characteristics, and behaviors are the joint result of the combination and interaction of nature and nurture. Like love and marriage and horses and carriages, genetic and environmental factors work in tandem, creating the unique inpidual that each of us is and will become. References Cary, W.R. (2004). Are We Hardwired? : The Role of Genes in Human Behavior. NC: Oxford University Press, Incorporated. Contrada, R. J., Leventhal, H., Personality and health. In L. A. Pervin (Ed.). Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (pp. 638-669). New York: Guilford. Dodge, K. A. (1986). A social information processing model of social competence in children. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.), The Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology: Vol. 18. Cognitive Perspectives on Children's Social and Behavioral Development (pp. 77-125). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Petrill, S.A. Intelligence and achievement: A behavioral genetic perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 12, 185199. Schmidt, L.A. & Fox, N.A. (2002). Inpidual Differences in childhood shyness: Origins, malleability, and developmental course. In D. Cervone & W. Mischel (Eds.), Advances in Personality Science. New York: The Guilford Press. (pp. 83-105).