The Romantic Works Of John Keats, Percy Shelley, And...

The romantic period, lasting from the late 18th to the early 19th century, followed the Age of Reason. During this time people had an individualized, free, liberal, and imaginative attitude towards life. Literature itself was full of introspection, emotion, passion, sublimity, beauty, and spontaneity, with subjects such as humankind, the soul, flowers, the common people and more. Of all of the Romantic values and subjects, the beauty, creativity, and morals of nature is what truly inspired human imagination, and thus literature of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. The underlying theme of nature that is persistent through romantic poetry creates a bond between the poet and the common man through short poems that express personal emotion that all can feel, as we all are connected to nature. This can be seen through the works of John Keats, Percy Shelley, and William Blake. Percy Shelley was a joyful and optimistic Romantic poet of the time who was concerned with the beauty a nd passions of nature, creativity, and imagination. Nature is an ever present theme in his poetry as he feels closely connected to nature’s power. Ode to the West Wind is one of his most notable poems, and one that truly exemplifies the idea of expressing personal emotion and feeling by using metaphors from nature. He uses the west wind to symbolize the power of nature and the imagination that was thus inspired by nature. It was almost even an agent for change. In the poem, the wild West windShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance And Romanticism During The 19th Century1245 Words   |  5 Pageslearning during the Renaissance, because of the invention of the printing press and the return of classical Greek and Roman literature. The Romantic period occurred during the late eighteenth century, as a response to the Enlightenment. The Romantics believed in the importance of the imagination and turned away from logical thinking. The Renaissance and the Romantic periods are similar, be cause they focus on individuality and occur as a rebellion to the previous period; but they are also different,Read MoreEssay on Romantic Poetry1126 Words   |  5 Pagesthing. Devices such as assonance, alliteration and rhythm work in a poem to convey a certain image or to facilitate understanding. Similes and metaphors can take two unlike objects, such as a potato and cinderblock, and if done the correct way use them to describe how Abraham Lincoln dealt with scoundrels. Poetry is beautiful. One of the best genres in poetry, let alone a great literary movement is Romanticism or the post-enlightenment Romantics. Romanticism was a philosophical and literary movementRead More The Romanticism Period 1174 Words   |  5 Pagesmodern views of art, literature, music, and other aspects in life. Romanticism was the â€Å"reaction against artistic styles of classical antiquity, which was neoclassicism.† Neoclassicists focused on the power of reasoning to discover the truth while Romantics focused on the hope to transform the world through the power of imagination. They had a deep love for nature (Furst 302). The aspects of romanticism are important; they are the beliefs of this period. The first aspect includes nature, which allowsRead MoreEssay about Romanticism1678 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism, Romanticism, in a way, was a reaction against rigid Classicism, Rationalism, and Deism of the eighteenth century. Strongest in application between 1800 and 1850, the Romantic Movement differed from country to country and from romanticist to romanticist. Because it emphasized change it was an atmosphere in which events occurred and came to affect not only the way humans thought and expressed them, but also the way they lived socially and politically (Abrams, M.H. Pg. 13). â€Å"RomanticismRead MoreCharles Baudelaire And Victor Hugo976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Romantic movement with his poems. Often compared with Wordsworth, Baudelaire s French poems surfaced an ease of poetic elaboration. His poems including the L Ame du Vin and Mort des Artistes are popular for the thematic basis of defining the pursuits of life and art. The English romantic poetry is dense and divided into two eras; William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Blake wrote in the first half of the romantic period and Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats wroteRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of William Wordsworth, Nathaniel Hawthorne, And Edgar Allen Poe1019 Words   |  5 PagesTitle *In the interest of your time, I strayed away from repeating the story of the works and jumped strain into analysis The Romantic Period, an era described as an expression of emotional exuberance, unrestrained imagination, spontaneity in both art and personal life, enchantment of poetry, and the embracing of the unknown. It is perhaps the rebellious condition of man to accept such liberal ideals in contrast to the conservative threshold of the Catholic Church. The response to the enlightenmentRead MoreEssay about Prometheus Unbound2388 Words   |  10 PagesPrometheus Unbound: The Quintessential Philosophy of Percy Bysshe Shelley Three years before his death, Shelley wrote what many consider his masterpiece, Prometheus Unbound. Considering Shelleys rebellious nature, the choice of the authority defying Prometheus as hero is not surprising. For Shelley, Prometheus came to symbolize the mind or soul of man in its highest potential. Two of Shelleys favorite themes lie at the heart of Prometheus Unbound: the external tyranny of rulers, customsRead MoreRomanticism1649 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism in the Nineteenth Century The Romantic period followed the era of logical, philosophical, and social movement in the 17th to 18th century. However, as the 19th century began, Romanticism came into the light with a new perspective that intrigued the people. It stressed emphasis on emotions and imagination while also helping to realize the importance of self-expression. The American Romanticism movement illustrated inspiration, bias and predominance of individuals in the nineteenth centuryRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of John Dickens, Nathaniel Hawthorne, And Edgar Allen Poe1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe Romantic Period, an era described as an expression of emotional liveliness, unrestrained imagination, impulse in both art and personal life, enchantment of poetry, and the embracing of the unknown . It is perhaps the rebellious condition of man to accept such liberal ideals in contrast to the conservative threshold of the Catholic Church. The response to the enlightenment era of logic and reason was cried from the footprints of historical sands. Notable figures that stood out as leaders of thisRead MoreRomanticism in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay2052 Words   |  9 PagesMary Shelley, with her brilliant tale of mankinds obsession with two opposing forces: creation and science, continues to draw readers with Frankensteins many meanings and effect on society. Frankenstein has had a major influence across literature and pop culture and was one of the major contributors to a completely new genre of horror. Frankenstein is most famous for being arguably considered the first fully-realized science fiction novel. In Frankenstein, some of the main concepts behind the literary

Social Mktg Essay examples - 2044 Words

MKTG309: Social Marketing and Sustainability Individual Assignment Starbucks social marketing campaign Name: FEI XUE ID: 42498155 Contents Background, Target Audience amp; Behavior Change 3 Behavior change model 7 First 6 of the 16 tips for success analysis: 8 Conclusion and Recommendation 10 Reference List 11 Before describe and discuss prior social marketing campaign, we understand that social marketing is the focus on behavior, not awareness or attitude change. Besides, social marketing results in benefit to individuals or society, not just focus on organization benefit and profits. Organization runs social marketing†¦show more content†¦Obviously, Starbucks advocate recycle, at the same time change audience waste behavior. The target audiences are ready for bring their reusable mug to get free drinks in campaign day. They do not worry about anything.Starbucks owes its success to a well-defined target audience! According to the definition of social marketing campaign barriers, barriers may be related to several factors: knowledge, beliefs, skills economic status, cultural influences etc. For study Starbucks campaign barriers, we focus on both elements: internal and external. * Internal barriers: e.g. Lack of knowledge and skills. 1. Some customers do not care about â€Å"recycle† or â€Å"free drinks†, I believe a part of people give up join the campaign and â€Å"run† their behavior like before. 2. Pay attention to the condition of join Starbucks social marketing campaign, reusable mug or tumbler is compulsory. Some customers do not meet campaign’s basic condition. 3. Some customers do not know Starbucks campaign. (Lack of advertising) * External barriers: The campaign is happened in USA and Canada store, therefore we must promise every store have ability â€Å"run† Starbucks campaign without accidents. Besides, beware of other competitors make trouble an d influence campaign keep going. To overcome those barriers, organization makes several measures: 1. If customers do not have reusable mug or tumbler, they will be available for 20% off on Earth Day, April 22. Let moreShow MoreRelatedFord Case Study Questions1599 Words   |  7 PagesCase Questions MKTG 621 1. According to Exhibit 3 on page 11, who is the primary purchaser of a B Segment Vehicle? Exhibit 3 provides the information about the B segment purchaser information using the data collected from a total of 3,481 people. It is clear that about 73.4 % (about two third) of the B segment car purchasers were over the age of 40. Among them, people in the age group of 50-55 topped the chart with 14.3%. The primary purchasers for the B segment car would be the people betweenRead MoreTexas A M University s Social Media1931 Words   |  8 Pages Texas AM University’s Social Media Autumn McKenzie MKTG 448 9 December 2014 Introduction Texas AM is a premier public university located in College Station, Texas. With land, sea, and space grants and 16 colleges, Texas AM develops Aggies to become leaders and good citizens in various industries. Texas AM constantly ranks in the top ten on various lists, including those complied by The Wall Street Journal, U.S. News World Report, New York Times,1 and Military Times.2 With activeRead MoreHow Social Media Influences Your Shopping Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesBuyer Behaviour Report: How Social Media influences your shopping behaviour. Group Members Bopha Soun – S3240240 David James Cooper – S3237119 Hiu Ying Man – S3320346 Course: Buyer Behaviour Course ID: MKTG- 1050 Semester 1 Tutor Name: Brian McCauley At the present time social media is the one of the most powerful waysRead MoreHow Effective Is A Personal Branding? Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pages Student: Dante Barros Class: MKTG-304-30 Professor: Leslie Vermillion Date: 12/11/2016 University of the District of Columbia How effective is a personal branding? Contents Introduction 3 We can say 3 What is understood as personal brand? 4 The Greatest Example 7 Conclusion 8 Introduction Achieving a successful personal brand is today the main way to achieve professional achievement. The visual image provides the opportunity for the human being to feel, appreciateRead MoreFiji Water Case Study Essay2210 Words   |  9 PagesFIJI Water and Corporate Social Responsibility - Green Makeover or â€Å"greenwashing†? Case Study Marcella Biazon Principles of Marketing Dr. Konya Weber September 20, 2012 FIJI Water Case Study A corporation that says it is socially responsible, claims that they are concerned for societys welfare; which also includes the environment, because now days, we are a lot more concerned about our environment and how everything affect it. The corporation will make sure toRead MoreMonsanto Case Study Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesParker Gross MKTG 495 Case #3 – Monsanto I: Situation Analysis Monsanto is a company that some people may not be explicitly familiar with on a first name basis. However, the work that the company has done over the last century, with a larger emphasis on its most recent ventures, have been deeply engrained in our lives, our food, and our economy. Monsanto has those who advocate on their behalf in addition to their naysayers. While Monsanto has made huge strides in terms of biotechnology overRead MoreMazda: Positioning a Product Line1128 Words   |  5 PagesTEGRATED MARKETI G COMMU ICATIO (MKTG 6140) Case Summary †¢ Lack focus in marketing and advertising plan. †¢ Weak positioning, focus on value for money only. †¢ Introduced new marketing strategy. †¢ New slogan – â€Å"Get In. Be Moved† for Protà ©gà © (1999). †¢ New approach used to cater new target market. †¢ Introduced new slogan – â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† (make fun to drive for adults). †¢ New model - MAZDASPEED Protegà ©, Protegà ©5 and MAZDA6. 2 I TEGRATED MARKETI G COMMU ICATIO (MKTG 6140) History 1984 1927 1920 Read MoreThe Concept Of Family Life Cycle1411 Words   |  6 Pagesmight be used as vehicles for the marketing effort. Be sure to justify your selections â€Å"The family life cycle (FLC) is a series of stages determined by a combination of age, marital status, and the presence or absence of children† (Chapter 8, page 146, MKTG). FLC is used in marketing to narrow down target markets. Marketing managers choose their market by determining who has a need for their product and focus on that particular group. Marketing to the correct group of the FLC will save marketing budgetsRead MoreThroughout This Internship, Courses Like Coms 123: Writing944 Words   |  4 PagesWriting for Public Information, COMS 121: Media Aesthetics, MKTG 125: Advertising, and COMS 187: Issue Management and Case Study PR comprehensively prepared me for what my internship requests of me. I have successfully applied my understanding of writing and creating for the media, but there are more courses that would have greatly benefitted me. Courses that may have been useful to take include JOUR 153: Mass Media Law and Regulation, MKTG 123: Public Relations and Ethics, and a course in VisualRead MoreDaimler/Bmw – a New Breed of Driver640 Words   |  3 Pagesaddress environmental influence on how products and services are delivered, and to work with the natural environment instead of slowly destroying it. Also people Consumer behavior is deeply influenced by factors, such as buyer’s culture, subculture and social class and age. Each generation will search for, select and purchase a product or service for use and disposal based on personal wants and needs. Each of these groups is a different segment of the market. For example a business wants to cater to those

Countrywide Home Loans †Analysis Essay Sample free essay sample

Countrywide Home Loans is one of the larges mortgage companies in the United States. The company was founded in 1969 and the concern is focused chiefly on existent estate finance and related activities. For old ages the company has been systematically among the top mortgage companies in the state. Recently. the mortgage industry has been in convulsion. Adjustable rate mortgages and a hapless lodging market are a few of the factors that are doing the industry to be indispensable turned inverted. Even when faced with today’s hapless lodging market and a clip when many mortgage companies have either closed their doors or filed for bankruptcy protection. Countrywide Home Loans has survived its ain battle to stay one of the most profitable mortgage companies in the United States. A bulk of Countrywide’s gross is generated through two beginnings. One of those beginnings is through loan inception. Loan inception is the procedure in which the loaner really financess the loan. We will write a custom essay sample on Countrywide Home Loans – Analysis Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An illustration would be when a borrower decides to refinance or buy a place. the borrower will work with the loaner to O.K. their loan so the loaner can shut and fund the loan. The other beginning of gross is through loan service. This procedure is after the loan has closed and the loaner gets paid for roll uping payments from borrowers. Not merely will Countrywide serve their ain loans. but they besides buy loans from other loaners and agents to add to their portfolio. After studies of net income of over 2 billion dollars the past two old ages. Countrywide is non on gait to make that mark this twelvemonth ( hypertext transfer protocol: //finance. Google. com/finance? q=NYSE: CFC ) . The company’s sulky studies are more of a contemplation of the current province of the market so of its ain schemes. â€Å"Over the past few old ages. the most common type of sub premier loan has been adjustable-rate mortgages known as the 2/28 ARM. Since mid-July. five of the six biggest bomber premier mortgage loaners stopped offering 2/28 ARM’s. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //bankrate. com/brm/news/mortgages/subprime_20070726_a1. asp? prodtype=mtg ) . A 2/28 ARM is an adjustable rate mortgage that is fixed for merely the first two old ages and so becomes an adjustable rate mortgage after that. One major company who has fallen during the lodging diminution has been New Century Mortgage. â€Å"New Century has become the prime illustration of a group of companies that grew quickly during the lodging roar. selling propertyless Americans with questionable recognition immense Numberss of â€Å"sub prime† loans with â€Å"teaser† rates that typically rose after the first two old ages. This concern transformed the once-tiny New Century into a loaning human dynamo that was held up as a theoretical account of the mortgage industry’s success. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/06/AR2007050601402. hypertext markup language ) . The speedy rise to the top was a short extremum as New Century Mortgage was one of the largest companies to travel under. â€Å"New Century listed liabilities of more than $ 100 million in its Chapter 11 documents filed with the U. S. Bankruptcy Court in Wilmington. Delaware – the largest bankruptcy instance to day of the month in the bomber premier mortgage sector. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. iht. com/articles/2007/04/02/business/loans. php ) † New Century was a sub premier loaner. A sub premier loaner is a loaner that lends money to borrowers with less than perfect recognition. A major ground for the prostration of the sub premier market was because many borrowers were given adjustable rate mortgages but were qualified merely on the payment during the fixed period. These merchandises were pitched as â€Å"band-aid loans† . The merchandise was being sold since rates were at an all clip low and borrower’s had equity in their place so they were able to afford to pay off all of their recognition card debt with the refinance. A huge bulk of these loans were 30 twelvemonth loans where the involvement rate was fixed for merely 2 old ages. What has happened and will go on to go on will be that the loan will come in its accommodation period and borrowers will non be able to afford their new payment. Since belongings values have stabilized. borrowers will no longer be able to refinance and hard currency out and the equity on their places since there is no longer equity in the place. The concatenation reaction to that is places will travel into foreclosure ; investors will fasten their criterions on purchasing loans which is basically pass overing out the sub premier market. â€Å"In add-on. tightened lending criterions stemming from the bomber premier crisis likely mean fewer purchasers. forcing down place monetary values. hypertext transfer protocol: //money. cnn. com/2007/08/10/real_estate/mortgage_rates/index. htm? postversion=2007081016† . Countrywide has avoided become victim to this job for a few grounds. One ground is that the company offers a broad merchandise mix. The company does non hold a niche market. They offer A through C paper merchandises. An â€Å"A Paper† is considered a borrower with first-class recognition and a solid occupation history. A â€Å"C Paper† borrower is described as person who have defects on their recognition and/or they are delinquent on the mortgage payment presently on in the recent yesteryear while â€Å"B Paper falls in between. The bulk of loans underwritten today are still â€Å"A Paper† loans. Since Countrywide offers a broad assortment of loan merchandises. the company can defy the blow of defaulting loans since it has a big portfolio of good loans. A bulk of the mortgage loaners who went out of concern were purely â€Å"Non A-Paper† or sub premier loaners. Another ground how Countrywide has avoided traveling under is because the company services their ain loans. This has enabled Countrywide to keep on to there sub premier loans in a market in which investors have small involvement. Most mortgage loaners do non hold that luxury. Not merely does Countrywide hold the hard currency on manus to service sub premier loans. they still have one million millions of dollars available to them in warehouse lines. The ability of non being dependent on investors purchasing their loans has greatly impacted Countrywide’s ability to stay profitable during the mortgage radioactive dust. â€Å"The nation’s biggest mortgage loaner sells two-thirds of its loans to government-sponsored endeavors like Fannie Mae. which are under authorization to maintain purchasing loans. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. forbes. com/feeds/ap/2007/08/03/ap3984906. html† . â€Å"In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing. the Calabasas. California-based company said it was at midyear utilizing $ 93. 3 billion of its $ 283. 6 billion of short-run liquidness. go forthing $ 190. 3 billion untapped. It listed $ 3. 8 billion of long-run debt maturing within six months. hypertext transfer protocol: //money. cnn. com/2007/08/06/news/companies/countrywide_liquidity. reut/index. htm† . Countrywide is besides remaining active in the retail mortgage market in order to last. â€Å"Countrywide Financial Corp. will purchase up to five retail loan inception subdivisions in Georgia. Florida and North Carolina from HomeBanc Corp. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bizjournals. com/jacksonville/stories/2007/08/06/daily20. html† . By purchasing smaller companies. Countrywide is able to keep its footmark in the retail mortgage market without holding to open new subdivisions. The company can transition the freshly acquired subdivisions to follow with the company’s criterions. Countrywide is besides harvesting the benefits merely because they are a big company that can defy the blows from a down market. â€Å"†The consolidation will drive the concern wholly to the largest participants. † said Brenda White. pull offing manager at Deloitte A ; Touche Corporate Finance LLC in New York. who consults on acquisitions. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. sltrib. com/business/ci_6569222â€Å" . A major advantage to being a big loaner is that the company will non be affected by the crisp addition in foreclosures and delinquent mortgages. â€Å"Countrywide said expected foreclosures as a per centum of unpaid principal rose to 1. 04 per centum from 0. 46 per centum a twelvemonth earlier. and 0. 96 per centum in June. Delinquencies rose to 5. 10 per centum from 4. 11 per centum last July. and June’s 4. 98 per centum. hypertext transfer protocol: //money. cnn. com/2007/08/14/news/companies/bc. countrywide. loaning. reut/index. htm postversion=2007081411† . Even with all of the convulsion that is presently blighting the mortgage industry. there will ever be net incomes to be had. Due to the fact there they will ever be the demand for places ; there will besides be a demand for money to be lent to them. Baring fortunes where borrowers do non necessitate to borrow money. there will ever be a market for loaning establishments. Since Countrywide has grown to the size that they presently are. they have the resources available to defy any dangers that may come across in the approaching months. As companies continue to shut their doors. big companies like countrywide will be able to go on to impart to borrowers which will enable them to stay one of the largest and most profitable companies in the mortgage industry.

Nature versus Nurture an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Nature versus Nurture by Expert Prof. Fiona | 15 Dec 2016 Nature versus Nurture: Which is More Influential to Our Life Traits? It is a fact of life that we are products of heredity and environment. But in the debate of which has more influence in our life traits, I would say it would be the environment, or the nurture aspect of our development. Need essay sample on "Nature versus Nurture" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In the study of development, nature refers to inherited (genetic) influences on growth and functioning. Some inherited characteristics appear in virtually everyone. For instance, almost all children have natural talents for upright locomotion (walking, running, etc.), language, imitation, and the use of simple tools. Other inherited characteristics differ from one inpidual to another: these include stature, physical appearance, and athletic ability. In some studies, psychological traits as temperament (e.g., the tendency to be shy instead of outgoing), aggression, and intelligence may also be partly influenced by genetics (Petrill & Wilkerson, 2000). Students Often Tell EssayLab writers:Who wants to write essay for me?Essay writer professionals suggest: Essaylab.Com Offers A Top-Quality Academic EssayEssay Writing Help Service I Need Someone To Write My Essay For Me Top Essay Writing Online Essay Writing Jobs For Students On the other hand, natures partner is nurture, the influence of factors in human environments. Nurture includes the effects of family, peers, schools, neighborhoods, culture, the media, the broader society, and the physical environment. Nurture affects children's development through multiple channelsphysically through nutrition and activity; intellectually through informal experiences and formal instruction; socially through adult role models and peer relationships. Historically, Francis Galton was the first to introduce the phrase nature versus nurture, and although he clearly favored the former as an explanation of human behavior, he had little direct evidence to support his bias. Nevertheless, Galtons contributions, admittedly with substantial subsequent modification, are those still used today for studying heredity, and hence the role of genes, in human populations. He was also among the first to recognize that the offspring of parents representing one extreme or the other of a given trait within a population tend to be more like the average for the population than do their parents. This reversion to the mean led Galton to doubt for awhile the possibilities of selective breeding as a means of altering human phenotypes. Galton was also the first to recognize the unique possibilities offered by the study of twins in matters relating to human genetics, although he never really pursued this possibility. By the end of his studies Galton was convinced that most human traits are indeed heritable. Although contemporary scientists would be unlikely to find his results compelling in terms of the data he had at hand, his various publications on the subject stimulated others to take up where he had left off (Cary 2004, p. 227). No doubt that nature and nurture are inextricably intertwined in their effects on human development. While theorists continue to debate the relative influences of nature and nurture, people usually manage to combine these forces skillfully and naturally. For example, imagine an adolescent girl who is growing rapidly, thanks to genetic instructions activated by puberty (nature); she is also fueled by tasty meals prepared by her parents and extended family (nurture). She is less inclined to be athletic compared to many of her peers (nature) but still joins the girls basketball team because she is encouraged to do so by her best friend (nurture). In my case, growing up in an American society, which is quite liberal, I assume the traits of the environment where I had been brought up. I had learned to become independent and my mindset had been shaped by the American ideologies and norms. But, what if I was born in India? Maybe, my life traits and mindset would entirely be different, since the culture in that country is different from America. My hereditary traits are already given, since my human capabilities will be the result of the genes passed on from my parents. However, the life traits that I developed have been entirely the result of the environment that I had been accustomed in. Indeed, nurture is more likely to develop our life traits and personalities because majority of it is influenced by our environment. Peoples personalities can be described in a variety of ways. Some people seem to be perfectionists; they can be critical, impatient, demanding, and intense. Other kinds of people are more relaxed and easygoing. You may have friends who always seem to have something to smile about and are fun to be around. Or perhaps you have friends who are shy and quiet; they are hard to get to know and may sometimes seem dull. In each of these examples, we are describing what people are generally like without referring to their specific feelings, thoughts, and behaviors in any given situation. In formulating a general description of someone, we try to pinpoint something that is relatively enduring about the person, something that seems to explain the regularities or patterns we observe in the way the person thinks, feels, and behaves. This is because personality is the pattern of relatively enduring ways that a person feels, thinks, and behaves. Personality is an important factor in accounting for why people act the way they do in societies and why they have favorable or unfavorable attitudes toward other people. In the life of each person, biological and social-environmental-cultural influences interact in the development of the personality system. If inpiduals are genetically and temperamentally disposed toward greater aggressiveness, for example, they soon become more likely to interpret the motives of other people as aggressive and to anticipate aggression from others (Dodge, 1986). They also may confirm these expectations and beliefs by behaving more aggressively, thereby evoking more aggressive reactions. Likewise, as aggressiveness becomes an established pattern, it also may be incorporated into the values and self-standards and goals of the inpidual. Each time the aggressive pattern is activated, it becomes more easily accessible in the system as a dominant response tendency, triggered even by minor frustrations and stress. Increasingly the person also may seek out peers and groups likely to further support this type of behavior and to strengthen it as a source both for self-esteem and peer approval. A common example is when aggressively inclined adolescents are drawn to like-minded peers in aggressive groups and gangs that then collectively and mutually further support their aggressive tendencies. In sum, as the example suggests, the early behavioral tendencies in the person interact with the psychological environment over the course of time as personality develops and becomes expressed in relatively stable ways (Contrada, Leventhal, Leary, 1990). The above example shows how a dispositional tendency like aggression may be reinforced early in life by the social environment and then becomes well established. But our inpidual tendencies are not necessarily determinants of your fate in life. For example, the studies about socialization experiences can help infants who are temperamentally shy to develop into people who are not shy: because social experiences can modify temperament, biology does not have to be destiny (Schmidt & Fox, 2002). Moreover, I do not entirely deem that it is nurture that is solely responsible because personality is partially determined by nature, or biological heritage. The genes that a person inherited from their parents influence how their personality has unfolded. Although specific genes for personality have not yet been identified, psychologists have studied identical twins in an attempt to discover the extent to which personality is inherited. Because identical twins possess identical genes, they have the same genetic determinants of personality. Identical twins who grow up together in the same family have the same permissive or strict parents and similar life experiences. If the twins have similar personalities, it is impossible to identify the source of the similarity because they have not only the same genetic makeup but also similar life experiences. In contrast, identical twins who are separated at birth and raised in different settings (perhaps because they are adopted by different families) share the same genetic material but often have very different life experiences. This means that even though they have quite similar genetic makeup, their life traits will not be similar because of the different environments they were exposed in. If I were to become a twin, I would prefer to become a fraternal twin because my identity will be more defined compared to being identical. As a child, it could be quite disconcerting to be confused of somebody that you are not most of the time. This is because even though identical twins are similar in appearance and the environment they grew up in, there are still slightly different characteristic traits. By separating identical twins at birth and placing them in totally different environments, researchers have assessed the impact of environment unambiguously. There are a fair number of cases in which identical twins are put up for adoption at birth and are raised in substantially different environments. Such instances allow us to draw fairly confident conclusions about the relative contributions of genetics and environment. Unfortunately, the data from identical twins raised in different environments are not always without bias. Adoption agencies typically take the characteristics (and wishes) of birth mothers into account when they place babies in adoptive homes. For instance, children tend to be placed with families of the same race and religion. Consequently, even when monozygotic twins are placed in different adoptive homes, there are often similarities in the two home environments. The consequence is that researchers can't always unambiguously attribute differences in behavior to genetics or environment. As personality develops over time, people refer to their experiences as children when they become adults. Factors such as the strictness or permissiveness of a child's parents, the number of other children in the family, the extent to which parents and teachers demand a lot from a child, success or lack of success at making friends or getting and keeping a job, and even the culture in which a person is raised and lives as an adult are shapers of personality. Because about half of the variation in people's personalities is inherited from their parents and, thus, is basically fixed at birth, it comes as no surprise that personality is quite stable over periods of time ranging. However, this does not mean that personality cannot change; it means that personality is likely to change only over many years. Thus, the impact of any specific situation or crisis on a persons personality is likely to be felt only if the situation continues for many years. An important outcome of this fact is that we should not expect to change any persons personalities as the way they are. As studies, as of the present time, could not answer the question which is more influential between nature and nurture, we should satisfy ourselves with the explanation that both have pivotal roles in developing our life traits as a whole person. Thus, it is safer to deem that virtually all traits, characteristics, and behaviors are the joint result of the combination and interaction of nature and nurture. Like love and marriage and horses and carriages, genetic and environmental factors work in tandem, creating the unique inpidual that each of us is and will become. References Cary, W.R. (2004). Are We Hardwired? : The Role of Genes in Human Behavior. NC: Oxford University Press, Incorporated. Contrada, R. J., Leventhal, H., Personality and health. In L. A. Pervin (Ed.). Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (pp. 638-669). New York: Guilford. Dodge, K. A. (1986). A social information processing model of social competence in children. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.), The Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology: Vol. 18. Cognitive Perspectives on Children's Social and Behavioral Development (pp. 77-125). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Petrill, S.A. Intelligence and achievement: A behavioral genetic perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 12, 185199. Schmidt, L.A. & Fox, N.A. (2002). Inpidual Differences in childhood shyness: Origins, malleability, and developmental course. In D. Cervone & W. Mischel (Eds.), Advances in Personality Science. New York: The Guilford Press. (pp. 83-105).

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buy custom Negros Oriental State University essay This article has been written by four authors. Madeleine Gregg is professor at the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. Marcia L. Rock is associate professor in the department of Specialized Education Services, University of North Carolina, Greensboro. Naomi P. Zigmond is distinguished professor in the Department of Instruction and Learning, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Robert A. Gable is Constance F. and Colgate W. Darden professor at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia. The audiences targeted are the virtual coaches and teachers. The article technically focuses on introducing, explaining and encouraging the use of Bug-In-Ear (virtual coaching) as a method of coaching teachers. It describes a virtual coach as a supportive companion who inspires and builds up teachers and should offer more encouraging, supporting statements than corrective or instructive ones. The article clearly outlines good qualities and skills required for a good coach-teacher relationship. It can be a good reference material for those who would like to know more about virtual coaching and its advantages over the traditional side-by-side coaching. The author of the article is a research associate at the University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning and the president of the Instructional Coaching Group. He is also the author of Unmistakable Impact: A Partnership Approach for Dramatcally Improving Instruction (Corwin, 2010). In his work, he targets coaches as his audience, with an aim of illustrating what good coaches are expected to do. The author emphasizes on the benefits of a good interaction between the coach and the teacher. It also explains seven partnership principles of coaching and the actions of good coaches. It outlines partnership as an act of shared learning as much as it is about shared power. The article also explains the activities in which coaches who act on the partnership principles should engage in. It depicts a coach as a thinking partner for teachers, and coaching as a meeting of minds. Generally, the article is useful and forms a good advice for coaches hence helps improve their performance. The site deals with designing a professional development program for a school or district. It explains the characteristics of an effective professional development. It notes that the content of professional development programs is based on organizational needs. The site also gives the categories and connections that schools should focus on so as to ensure continuous improvement. An option for taking a survey is also granted so as to collect opinion, views and facts. Its audiences are administrators of a school, district or both. It is purposely gives appropriate advice and guidance to them. It provides the tips that ensure that schools and districts remain on an improvement plane. It maainly stresses on directly helping the students achieve their goals and supporting student learning needs. Furthermore, it states that cooperation is needed between teachers and the administrators in planning and implementation process to ensure the smooth running of the institution. This website can f orm a good reference for administrators, though it does not provide clear management skills. EDC Science Foundation. Resources for Teacher Leadership: Mentoring and Coaching The site avails resources that help to improve teacher leadership. It contains a list of links to other resourceful sites which elaborates deeper about mentoring and coaching. The links gives more detailed and clearer notes about the various issues related to mentoring and coaching. In addition to that it offers resources for assisting a colleague who may be new to teaching, the school, the discipline, or to a change in the practices or curriculum recently instituted by the district, school, or department. The site describes the components of a high-quality mentor program. The site targets mentors especially those who are new to teaching, a school, department, or curriculum change. The site may also be a source of references to coaching staffs. The site provides very useful information to the targeted audiences. It adequately enables them to deal with crucial issues at hand satisfactorily and with great skill. Buy custom Negros Oriental State University essay

How to Control Tent Caterpillars

How to Control Tent Caterpillars Eastern tent caterpillars, Malacosoma americanum, build unsightly silk tents in cherry, apple, and other landscape trees during early spring. The caterpillars feed on leaves of these host trees and may cause significant defoliation if present in large numbers. They can also be a nuisance as they tend to wander when theyre ready to pupate, making themselves at home on houses and decks. Make Sure Youve Really Got Tent Caterpillars First, be sure what you have are eastern tent caterpillars  and not another similar pest. Eastern tent caterpillars appear in early spring and build their tents in the crotches of tree branches. As their name suggests, fall webworms also build tents but theirs are located at the ends of branches, forming an envelope around the foliage. Some people confuse eastern tent caterpillars with gypsy moth larvae but gypsy moths do not construct tents and they usually appear a little later in spring than tent caterpillars. Prevention and Manual Controls for Tent Caterpillars If you have a few caterpillar tents in an apple or cherry tree, dont panic. Eastern tent caterpillars rarely infest ornamental trees in large enough numbers to kill landscape plants. Because they appear in early spring and complete their life cycle by summer, most of your host trees will have time to produce more leaves after initial defoliation. Pest control may not be necessary at all, however, if the infestation is overwhelming- or you just cant stand the sight of caterpillar tents in your trees- there are some things you can do to deter the invasion. To prevent tent caterpillars, the best defense can be a good offense. In the autumn, after the leaves have fallen, scout the branches of host trees for egg masses. Prune out any you find, or scrape them from the branches and destroy them. If you do find yourself facing an invasion, knowing your enemy can be the best way to rid yourself of them. Tent caterpillars rest inside their tents after they feed so you can actually remove them manually. When you notice a large group of caterpillars in the tent, use a stick or gloved hands to pull the tent from the branches, caterpillars and all. For a large tent, try winding the silk around a stick as you pull it from the tree. To eliminate the caterpillars, simply crush them or drop them in a pan of soapy water. In the past, people often set fire to caterpillar tents. However, since the practice does more harm to the tree than the caterpillars do, it is not recommended. Biological and Chemical Controls for Tent Caterpillars Young larvae may be treated with Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki, or  Bt, which is applied to the foliage of infested trees. Bt is a naturally occurring form of bacteria that interferes with the caterpillars ability to digest food. After the caterpillars ingest Bt, they stop eating immediately and die within a few days. You do not need to spray the tents or the caterpillars. Late-stage caterpillars, especially those that are already migrating to pupate, cannot be treated effectively with Bt. Some contact or ingestion pesticides work on eastern tent caterpillars as well. If you feel the infestation is sufficient to require this drastic an intervention, contact a pest control specialist in your area to ensure the safety of pets and wildlife.

Web-Based Travel Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Web-Based Travel Program - Essay Example Throughout the document, the purpose of the writing has clearly been shown. This is evident when the writer starts by discussing the various problems facing the company travel system e.g. increased travel expenditures, issues of transaction fees and customer services. After making us understand the problems facing the company, the writer then goes ahead and presents the possible solutions for solving these problems. The research is supposed to be about the benefits of a web based system. By first showing the problems, then followed by the solutions the purpose of the writing can be seen. The solutions for the problems are well presented. This is because the author has systematically presented the solutions for each of the problems stated earlier in the paper. The solutions are also well elaborated and discussed. Several sources of literature have also been integrated into the paper. The first source was effective since it made us aware that indeed company expenditure are increasing a nd something has to be done to reduce this spending. There are other sources cited in the paper that were also effective in strengthening the main points of discussion. One of the sources by Campbell emphasized on the use of management information sytem in successful management travel programs. The sources used in the paper therefore, are related to the topic and have been used to reinforce on the purpose of the paper.The author could improve the paper by adding the fact that online travel agencies provide more options for people to choose.

Persuasion and Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Persuasion and Leadership - Research Paper Example This names them natural leaders. It is important to note that persuasion does not work in all situations of leadership (Jay, 1998). At times, people need coercion application of authority to do something. The objective of this research paper is to explore the magnitude of the importance of persuasion in leadership practice. Abstract Persuasion is very essential in leadership because human beings are emotional by nature. People who experience positive heightened emotionality can perform complicated tasks within a short period of time as compared to those who experience negative emotionality. Therefore, people need to be persuaded so that they can achieve full control of their emotions. Persuasion is not relevant for all forms and styles of leadership, since there are different principles and procedure in doing something. This paper will cover all categories of persuasion and how they are applied in leadership context. Further it will explore different strategies of persuasion leadersh ip and demonstrate how persuasion works to make leadership a successful exercise. Leadership is highly praised by people. When people talk, they refer to the best leaders who have ever lived at this planet and who left memorable legacy in their hearts. Such leaders include Martin Luther King Junior, Mahatma Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Abraham Lincoln and Nelson Mandela. Their legacy will live on in the hearts of their supporters long after their death for their good deeds (Kathleen 1998). These leaders were in charge of the groups they were leading; through their inspiration great goals were accomplished. Although these leaders faced plenty of criticisms from their opposers and those who doubted them, they developed a tough skin that could not be penetrated by those critics. They all remained focused on their targets and eventually got the best results. The other key concept in this paper is persuasion which entails altering the minds of individuals to make up-to-the-minute decisions . Leaders essentially communicate their ideas through persuasion. They persuade individuals to toil together, to attain results that are beyond their capacities which seemed impossible to accomplish (Kathleen 1998). This was made possible by making the workers to temporarily suspend their own interests to allow room for the attainment of less personal organizational goals. Research has proved that emotions are fundamental in decision making. People who have their part of the brain that deals with emotions incapacitated cannot make sound decisions. Therefore, emotions make it possible for us to think and decide the best action to take in every situation (Freedman, 1966). Emotions act like code that we use to store our experiences and make it possible to retrieve that information in times of need. Persuasion is the pillar of leadership, decision making and altering minds; therefore, emotional processes are central for the actions of leaders who are successful. In addition, leaders req uire a competent intellectual capacity to be able to deal with emotionally-laden arguments from their followers (Freedman, 1966). It is very essential for a leader to understand their own emotional reactions and tendencies to be in a position to evoke and control emotional responses in other people. Good leaders apply persuasion in their practice of leading others (Mike 2011). To achieve this

Free

Free African Americans Essay The Antebellum period had a huge impact on the free African American people. The Antebellum period is the time that is pre-Civil War and post-War of 1812. The United States was expanding to a more powerful nation and slavery was the biggest industry in their economy. During this period of time, African Americans had to deal with many obstacles/adversities as free blacks in all regions of the United States. The regions known as, in the northern, upper south, deep south, and far west regions of the United States was where the free African American encountered different and similar situations and experiences. Throughout history the north always was known as the first region that freed slaves. The northern states didnt us the same economic methods as the southern states and the far west. They adopted a new way of making money. According to The African American Odyssey, Between 1860, a market revolution transformed the north into a modern industrial society. This new method changed economy for the north until present day. This was a new age of industry and the production of factories. Slavery was not needed as much as the southern states where they had good sun to cultivate and profit from crops such as cotton. Even though this new method lightened the idea of slavery in the north, the freedom for blacks was still limited. Whites did not want to deal with blacks so they enforced new black laws in which resulted in the segregation of school, communities and any other public uses. Free black men had limited voting rights where they barely had any rights to vote. Most of all these black laws impacted the employment level to a low gradient for the free blacks in the north. This battle for employment had many negative impacts on free Black’s ways of life. Families were tarnished under the pressure of providing for their families with the scarcity of jobs. They enforced fugitive slave law where the white slave masters can hunt and recapture runaway slaves from the south. This made life difficult and filled the free blacks with fear because they were more prone to be wrongfully enslaved. Like the south the whites did not want to deal with blacks whatsoever. Irish immigrants were taking all the jobs away from the blacks many blacks had unskilled jobs such as being barbers and shoemakers. The free African American upper south region did have similar experiences as the north but much more were different. Though they shared similar churches family businesses and fraternities the upper south was still separated by the idea of slavery and the different economic methods. The impact of slavery created different communities. The free blacks in the north lived with other free Blacks while in the upper south; the free Blacks lived with slaves. The fugitive slave laws had a bigger impact on the upper south than the north. The free black was definitely more prone to be enslaves. Many sheriffs would harass and arrest free blacks randomly on profiling them as runaway slaves. They did have a tool known as free papers that was proof for their freedom. But these papers were useless most of the time because they constantly had to be renewed. These free papers impacted the everyday life of African Americans because they had to make sure that their papers werent stolen, lost, or tarnished. The free Blacks had fewer freedoms. They could not vote at all and they had problems going outside at night. They could not congregate in groups and had no rights to bear arms. Life as a free Black person was tougher than the north because of the low employment rates downgraded again due to the Irish immigrants taking their jobs. Their jobs were different during the antebellum period. Many people were maids and servants and washers. Upper south institutions where tarnished and almost did not exist. Black churches were overran by white ministries and left the black ministers with no opportunities to practice on their careers. Schools were almost absent. They were low funded whereas many blacks in the upper south were left uneducated. There were no schools and no jobs which gave success to the whites on preventing the advancement of the free blacks. Unlike the north and the upper south, the Deep South barely had any free blacks despite the fact that the population of African Americans in the Deep South was enormous. There were many incidents of racial mixing with slave owners and the female slaves. Diversity was there but slavery still kept their children enslaved. They usually had a choice to buy their way out of slavery. Many of the free slaves did not have their own separate identity from the white slave owners. Many of the free blacks were just like the whites. They were accepted in the churches. Many wealthy free blacks were educated due to the establishment of private schools. Unlike the north and the Upper South, they had better skilled jobs such as carpentry and tailors. Many whites began to overlook the success of the free African American In the Deep South and made it even more impossible to live. Unlike the North, Upper South, and the Deep South, the Far West absolutely did not want anything to do with free Blacks. The black laws in the Far West were made to ban all free Blacks from settling in their region. The Gold Rush of 1849 resulted in the migration of many White and free Black men to settle out west in states like California and Oregon. The Far west was known to be more multicultural and have multicultural communities. Many blacks had the same jobs of that the free Blacks from the regions had except for the gold mining. Many Blacks prospered from gold. Slavery was a huge propaganda in the upper south and the whole south in general. It was a reality that all African American whether free or enslaved could not avoid. The northern states were gradually enhancing their advancement in the idea of acceptance and coexistence with the Whites in the US. The north had at least a bit of a head start for the search of equality in the U. S. The conditions of living might have been similar and different in many ways but this time all came to an end once the fugitive slave laws were enhanced. Many free African Blacks were enslaved and wrongfully accused to be slaves. The new laws were undisputed and changed the Blacks’ idea of freedom and fight for equality Work Cited Hine D, The African American Odyssey (2011). Combined Volume, 5th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Religious Rationale for the Plague in Rosemary Horrox’s The Black Death

Religious Rationale for the Plague in Rosemary Horrox’s The Black Death After the September 11th, 2001 attacks, prominent religious figures claimed that depraved American lifestyles were to blame for the bombings; Protestant leader Jerry Falwell came forth and stated that the attacks were a manifestation of God’s irritation at impious people. This attitude stems from a reaction to contemporary events, but possesses roots that date back to 1348. Throughout the time of plague in medieval England, priests and other spiritual leaders insisted that mass devastation via disease was a God-sent punishment for decadent lifestyles and impious behavior. These officials claimed that the promiscuous, the scantily dressed, and the flamboyant were all to blame for outbreaks of pestilence. Religious responses to the plague of 1348, found in passages of Rosemary Horrox’s The Black Death, clearly display this sentiment, signifying the fact that standards of propriety and decorum were highly relevant to medieval religious authorities attempting to pin down th e causes of plague. In 1348, religious authorities determined that the immodest behavior of certain groups led to outbreaks of ubiquitous plague. The tendency to regard indecency as the cause of plague is displayed in records of the day. Henry Knighton’s description of a guilty crowd attending the tournaments is a telling example. He laments that, â€Å"they spent and wasted their goods, and (according to the common report) abused their bodies in wantonness and scurrilous licentiousness. They neither feared God nor blushed at the criticism of the people, but took the marriage bond lightly and were deaf to the demands of modesty† (130). As one can gather from this passage, the 1348 religi... ...se of the plague’s presence by delimiting impious behavior according to biblical law, and condemning displays of impropriety. Individuals who failed to adhere to religious dictates regarding frugality and matrimony were blamed for ushering in the disease. Those who ignored social conventions regarding decent dress and gender codes were also accused of inciting God’s wrath and bringing society to ruin. According to excerpts of Rosemary Horrox’s The Black Death, the religious message of 1348 states that human pain and suffering are divine punishment for decadence, licentiousness, and frivolity. It is interesting to note that religious leaders of the 21st century state much the same thing regarding catastrophic events. This leads one to conclude that standards of propriety and decorum will always remain an inherent part of any religious diagnosis for societal ailments.

Illegal Immigration

When it comes to the country as a whole, everyone has an opinion on how to change it. Most of the time we don’t see eye to eye, but I’m pretty sure we can agree on one thing†¦. Illegal Immigration is a huge problem. It’s something that should’ve been controlled a long time ago and it wasn’t. Now that the issue is out of control, everyone has their hands up in the air and coming up with the most drastic â€Å"solutions†. The issue of illegal immigration really became a big issue when the economy started going down the tubes. It was then that with a tighter control on the country’s budget, we truly realized how much of our aid was going to illegal immigrants. This issue has been on the media for some time. It really came to center stage during this last election. Everything seemed to simmer down just a bit that was until this most recent election. During one of the debates, Mitt Romney made his stance on illegal immigration. As most people know he is against it. It was his later comments that added fuel to the already burning fire. He said that under his administration, he would make so hard on immigrants that they would ask to be deported. I think we can agree that this is extremely harsh method. In order to fix this problem drastic measure must be taken. I personally believe that the key is stopping them before they get here. It’s hard to get illegal immigrants out of the country once their already in. One way to do this is to have tighter security in the Mexican side of the border. If they get through the border in their country and get caught in the US, they should get arrested or fined. Currently if they catch you, they just send you back. If they were to get arrested this would show them, that we are not playing games. I am a strong supporter of securing our borders. Another way to stop illegal immigrations is to enforce visa rules. If a person is awarded a 6 month visa, that doesn’t mean they can stay forever. It is the job of Immigration officials to keep track of visas. Once their visa is about to expire, the person should get notified. They need to know that overstaying your visa is a civil offense. Although I would love to see that changed and made a federal crime. Since I started studying the issue of illegal immigration a lot of my views have changed. I used to be very pro illegal immigration. One of the issues that I feel very strongly about is birthright citizenship, I’m against it. Instead of coming to this country to make a better themselves, some people come here just to have American babies. They need to know that this is not ok; it’s not fair to the innocent children and us who work hard. There are a lot of countries that have abolished this practice. I think America needs to step up and do the same thing. Although it really doesn’t come as a surprise, there are some crimes associated with illegal immigrants. People come here escaping the law they have broken in their countries, but they also break the law here. Other big thing is there is a lot of gang activity among immigrants. Once they come here, they are faced with the realization, that there’s not much they can do as illegal aliens. It is because of this that they turn to a life of crime. There needs to be a global system for crime data. By having this system, Immigration officers can check if the people who are trying to come in are tied to any illegal activity in their countries. Illegal Immigration is an issue that is not going away time some. This something that I am very passionate about. After all I am Hispanic and came from a family of immigrants. There are some people that think I am betraying my culture, because of my views. The truth is that I have seen how people can come to this country and succeed, the right way. By right way I mean, following the laws of this country. We all reap what we sow; if you do things right then you will enjoy the great benefits. Illegal Immigration When it comes to the country as a whole, everyone has an opinion on how to change it. Most of the time we don’t see eye to eye, but I’m pretty sure we can agree on one thing†¦. Illegal Immigration is a huge problem. It’s something that should’ve been controlled a long time ago and it wasn’t. Now that the issue is out of control, everyone has their hands up in the air and coming up with the most drastic â€Å"solutions†. The issue of illegal immigration really became a big issue when the economy started going down the tubes. It was then that with a tighter control on the country’s budget, we truly realized how much of our aid was going to illegal immigrants. This issue has been on the media for some time. It really came to center stage during this last election. Everything seemed to simmer down just a bit that was until this most recent election. During one of the debates, Mitt Romney made his stance on illegal immigration. As most people know he is against it. It was his later comments that added fuel to the already burning fire. He said that under his administration, he would make so hard on immigrants that they would ask to be deported. I think we can agree that this is extremely harsh method. In order to fix this problem drastic measure must be taken. I personally believe that the key is stopping them before they get here. It’s hard to get illegal immigrants out of the country once their already in. One way to do this is to have tighter security in the Mexican side of the border. If they get through the border in their country and get caught in the US, they should get arrested or fined. Currently if they catch you, they just send you back. If they were to get arrested this would show them, that we are not playing games. I am a strong supporter of securing our borders. Another way to stop illegal immigrations is to enforce visa rules. If a person is awarded a 6 month visa, that doesn’t mean they can stay forever. It is the job of Immigration officials to keep track of visas. Once their visa is about to expire, the person should get notified. They need to know that overstaying your visa is a civil offense. Although I would love to see that changed and made a federal crime. Since I started studying the issue of illegal immigration a lot of my views have changed. I used to be very pro illegal immigration. One of the issues that I feel very strongly about is birthright citizenship, I’m against it. Instead of coming to this country to make a better themselves, some people come here just to have American babies. They need to know that this is not ok; it’s not fair to the innocent children and us who work hard. There are a lot of countries that have abolished this practice. I think America needs to step up and do the same thing. Although it really doesn’t come as a surprise, there are some crimes associated with illegal immigrants. People come here escaping the law they have broken in their countries, but they also break the law here. Other big thing is there is a lot of gang activity among immigrants. Once they come here, they are faced with the realization, that there’s not much they can do as illegal aliens. It is because of this that they turn to a life of crime. There needs to be a global system for crime data. By having this system, Immigration officers can check if the people who are trying to come in are tied to any illegal activity in their countries. Illegal Immigration is an issue that is not going away time some. This something that I am very passionate about. After all I am Hispanic and came from a family of immigrants. There are some people that think I am betraying my culture, because of my views. The truth is that I have seen how people can come to this country and succeed, the right way. By right way I mean, following the laws of this country. We all reap what we sow; if you do things right then you will enjoy the great benefits.

Modern Art Essay

After viewing Georg Baselitz’s Auftritt am Sandtreich II – bei (Remix), and Cindy Sherman’s Untitled #224, one can see two very different artists trying to convey a topic that is relatable on many levels. George Baselitz is a German Neo-Expressionist, while Cindy Sherman created work in the American, Metro Pictures genre yet both have chosen to â€Å"remix† the past into new and somewhat inherent images of the day. One can relate to these images on the basis of recognition, and interpretation of the cultural meanings of the time. Both artists have chosen to give the audience snapshots of their past, Sherman with the 1950’s women’s rights movement, and Baselitz portrayal of a post-World War II Germany. The images selected are form a more modern era, Baselitz-2006 than Sherman-1990, and it is interesting to see the changes from the work of the 1980s. Baselitz became famous for turning his paintings upside-down to shift the viewer’s focus away from the subject matter to the expressive surface. In his later work, though, the inverted subject matter indeed seems to be the focus, deliberately so in order to effectively portray the image after years of contemplation and healing. Sherman’s later work is similar in stance, but is a colored photographic interpretation of Caravaggio’s Sick Bacchus portrait. One can make the comparison that both artists have overcome adversity, and their imagery conveys a message of hope and promise stemming from difficulty. Georg Baselitz, Auftritt am Sandtreich II – bei + 30 C (Remix), 2006 Oil on canvas http://www.ecopolis.org/georg-baselitz-remix-paintings/ Georg Baselitz grew up in Germany during WWII, a time of unrest and ever changing cultural norms. This makes sense, as Baselitz himself moved from East to West Germany as a youth living in Germany through the reunification of the Nineties. In Auftritt am Sandtreich II – bei (Remix), Baselitz has revisited the most challenging aspects of his own history, with hindsight, and made a brand new version of the art. Not only were the paintings enlarged, they were also revisited with bright colors and bold lines. When one looks at the work, one can see an inverted soldier’s legs extending into the bright scenery of chunked color. The transparency of the soldier seems to indicate that this is an image of the past, with the ghostly interpretation of faded color. One can conclude that Baselitz has forgiven the transgressions of the war torn society, and views it now as a faded memory that has shaped him into the person he is today. While the image is still vaguely gruesome with the soldier’s splattered outline, implying death, it still somehow looks through that to a brighter day on the horizon. The pallet is very bright, and the canvas is mammoth, almost swallowing the viewer up in its scale. The subject matter does not possess any formal qualities of realism or training, but does follow in Baselitz’s tradition of inversion and loose brushwork. Baselitz has revisited many of his earlier works, and challenged his previous discern of modernism. Cindy Sherman, Untitled #224. 1990Chromogenic color print, 48 x 38†³ (121.9 x 96.5 cm). http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2012/cindysherman/gallery/audio/8-224.php In Cindy Sherman’s Untitled #224, she has transcended her Metro Photo roleplaying into the work of Caravaggio’s Sick Bacchus, the painting from the late 16th century. This photograph is drastically different form the rest of the Untitled series due to the strong makeup, and use of prosthetics to become male. The emasculated arm is a well done prosthetic to illuminate the male form. The arm is one of the only parts of the staging that is inconsistent with the original painting. The figure in Caravaggio’s painting is more feminine than that of Sherman, slightly ironic. The costuming is consistent with Sherman’s other works, with exact attention to detail and accurate props. Caravaggio’s painting is thought to be a self-portrait of the artist as the Roman god of wine, Bacchus. Sherman was very interested in addressing the roles of women, and challenging society’s views on the subject, which at the time were primarily negative. Sherman’s Untitled #224 depicts a female in the role of a Greek god, which is not only a figure of power and celebration, but also a spiritual entity. As American culture was shifting towards equality in the 1950’s, Sherman’s work helped viewers to take on new roles otherwise unexplored by women. The implications were not only remixed to force a message, they were also liberating to women in a time of need. Both Baselitz and Sherman’s work sample information from the past. Both works reflect on their own cultural heritage with a moving awareness to historical events that they have experienced. So if one views these works in a Postmodernist standpoint the viewer is acknowledged to be an active participant in an explicit dialogue between the artist, the artwork, oneself, and one’s cultural context. Sherman’s Untitled #224 allows women to interact with the work in a comical and almost satirical way. Even though one should not take women’s rights lightly, nor denounce the impact that it has had on American culture, viewers of this work can role-play along with Sherman. It is an interesting choice of role-playing as Caravaggio’s interpretation of Sick Bocchus portrays a frail and hung-over drunkard as his subject. Sherman’s choice of subject matter can say that if a woman were in this position she would be strong and handle it with poise. Sherman does not seem to be concerned with feedback from viewers, but rather interested in conveying a message in a new way. Baselitz has allowed the influence of time and criticism to heighten his awareness of change and fashion a new outlook on an old subject matter. Postmodern viewers can more readily relate to the remix works as they lend themselves to a brighter pallet, a post war recover of sorts. Society and culture always has a way of persevering out of trial and adversity, and both of their artworks convey that message of hope and promise.

Understanding and Using Record Data Types in Delphi

Understanding and Using Record Data Types in Delphi Sets are ok, arrays are great. Suppose we want to create three one-dimensional arrays for 50 members in our programming community. The first array is for names, the second for e-mails, and the third for number of uploads (components or applications) to our community. Each array (list) would have matching indexes and plenty of code to maintain all three lists in parallel. Of course, we could try with one three-dimensional array, but what about its type? We need string for names and e-mails, but an integer for the number of uploads. The way to work with such a data structure is to use Delphis record structure. TMember Record ... For example, the following declaration creates a record type called TMember, the one we could use in our case. Essentially, a record data structure can mix any of Delphis built-in types including any types you have created. Record types define fixed collections of items of different types. Each item, or field, is like a variable, consisting of a name and a type. TMember type contains three fields: a string value called Name (to hold the name of a member), a value of a string type called eMail (for one e-mail), and an integer (Cardinal) called Posts (to hold the number of submissions to our community). Once we have set up the record type, we can declare a variable to be of type TMember. TMember is now just as good variable type for variables as any of Delphis built-in types like String or Integer. Note: the TMember type declaration, does not allocate any memory for the Name, eMail, and Posts fields; To actually create an instance of TMember record we have to declare a variable of TMember type, as in the following code: Now, when we have a record, we use a dot to isolate the fields of DelphiGuide. Note: the above piece of code could be rewritten with the use of with keyword. We can now copy the values of DelphiGuide’s fields to AMember. Record Scope and Visibility Record type declared within the declaration of a form (implementation section), function, or procedure has a scope limited to the block in which it is declared. If the record is declared in the interface section of a unit it has a scope that includes any other units or programs that use the unit where the declaration occurs. An Array of Records Since TMember acts like any other Object Pascal type, we can declare an array of record variables: Note: Heres how to declare and initialize a constant array of records in Delphi. Records as Record Fields Since a record type is legitimate as any other Delphi type, we can have a field of a record be a record itself. For example, we could create ExpandedMember to keep track of what the member is submitting along with the member information. Filling out all the information needed for a single record is now somehow harder. More periods (dots) are required to access the fields of TExpandedMember. Record With Unknown Fields A record type can have a variant part (not to be confused with Variant type variable). Variant records are used, for example, when we want to create a record type that has fields for different kinds of data, but we know that we will never need to use all of the fields in a single record instance. To learn more about Variant parts in Records take a look at Delphis help files. The use of a variant record type is not type-safe and is not a recommended programming practice, particularly for beginners. However, variant records can be quite useful, if you ever find yourself in a situation to use them.

How to Join Your High School’s Student Council

How to Join Your High School’s Student Council SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Thinking about joining student council? You should be! It's a great way to make friends and gain leadership experience, especially if your interested in politics. However, it can alsorequire a significant time commitment. What is student council and what duties will you have as a member? How do you join? Should you join? I'll answer these questions and more below! What Is Student Council? Student Council, sometimes called Student Government, is the elected governing body at your high school. The group is composed entirely of students; often they have a faculty adviser. Typically (though this may vary slightly by high school/region), each grade level has itsown grade-level council (i.e. freshman student council, sophomore student council,junior student council, and senior student council). Usually, each grade-level council has their own faculty adviser.The grade-level councils typically plan and execute grade level specific programs (such as creatinga class t-shirt, organizing a class fundraiser, planning the class float for the Homecoming parade, etc.). Additionally, there is usually a school-wide student governmentthatplans and executes programs for the entire school (such as Homecoming Week or a school-wide fundraiser). The school-wide council typically has itsown faculty adviser but still gets assistance with itsevents from the grade-level councils. Think of the individual grades as individual states with their own governments, but they all fall under one country (school) and one federal government (the school-wide student council).I’ve created the chart below as a visual reference of this hierarchy. Additionally, I’ve listed the typical positions available on each council. What Do Student Council Members Do? In this section, I’ll discuss the general responsibilities of all members. I'll then go on to discuss the duties of specific officers (President vs. Secretary, etc.). Duties for All Members All student government membersare responsible for attending meetings (usually weekly, though the specifics will vary from school to school). If you’re on a grade-level council, you’ll likely have meetings both with your grade-level council and the school-wide council. These weekly meetings include all members of the council as well as the faculty adviser. At these weekly meetings, members brainstorm events they'd like to plan and divvy up the tasks.Occasionally (typically once or twice each school year), the grade-level student councils will hold an open meeting to allow their classmates to come and voice their concerns or suggest ideas. As I said above, members of the grade-level councils are responsible for planning and executing grade-level specific programs(such as creatinga class t-shirtororganizingJunior Prom).Members of the school-wide council plan and execute programs for the entire school (such as Homecoming Week or a school-wide fundraiser). In addition, members of grade-specific councils are responsible for assisting the school-wide council in planning and running major school-wide events such as the Homecoming parade, Homecoming dance, and pep rallies. Typically, senior student governmentmembers have an obligation aftergraduating from high school:planning your high school reunions. What Are the Position Specific Duties? I’ll go down the hierarchy. The duties of each position remain the same whether it’s for the freshman council or school-wide council. As I said above, every member is responsible for attending meetings and helping make school events happen. The duties listed below are the additionalduties for each position. President:Responsible for planning and running meetings (i.e. creating meeting itineraries, facilitating discussions), delegating tasks (i.e. deciding who on the council will be in charge of finding someone to design the class t-shirt, who will be responsible for finding a company to print the t-shirt), and for holding people accountable (i.e. making sure people complete their assigned tasks). 1st / 2nd Vice President:Responsible for assisting the president (i.e. running meetings in their absence, making sure people are completing assigned tasks, etc.) Secretary:Responsible for taking notes at all meetings and emailing those notes to all council members. Treasurer:Responsible for budgeting and managing money (i.e. collecting money when selling tickets for Homecoming, depositing that money into the proper account, keeping records). HowCan You Join Student Council? To be in student government, you need to be elected.Elections for freshman student council typically happen at the beginning of the school year, in the fall.Elections for sophomore, junior, senior, and school-wide student councils typically happen near the end of the school year before summer vacation.You usually have to sign up to run. Make sure to talk to the front office at your school and askhow to sign up to run for student government. If you’re trying to run for a position for the first time (i.e. you’ve never held a position on student council at your high school before, whether as a freshman, sophomore, junior or senior), I recommend first trying to run for what are considered smaller positions:treasurer or secretary.There is usually less competition for these positions, which will make it more likely that you’ll be elected.Additionally, while these positions are considered smaller, you have the same responsibility as the president or VP,to help plan and execute great events. If you hope to be class president someday, you can prove yourself in a smaller position and then run for bigger positions in future elections.I started as my freshman treasurer, then became sophomore VP, then junior class president, and I becameStudent Government President my senior year.No matter what position you run for, how you campaign is important. Youonly need onetip to win your campaign... The Most Important Campaign Tip:Make Sure People Know (and Trust) You! Plain and simple, you will not win your campaign if only tenpeople know who you are.You will also likely not win if your entire grade knows you, but onlyas the person failing all of your classes or the person who doesn’t take anything seriously (aka class clown).To win the campaign, you need to make sure people know you and trust you. How do you get people to know you?If your school allows it, make posters, stickers, pencils, etc. with your name on it.The size of the posters doesn’t matter, butthe quantity does.It’s better to print 50 posters on printer paper than to make 10 on fancyposterboard.You want people to see your name so that they can talk to their friends about you andtry to figure out who you are before election day. Next, start to develop your campaign platform or main focus. Why do you want to be on student council?Do you want to improve school dances? Do you want to have a wider variety of school lunch options? Create a class field trip? Start a fundraiser? Having a focused platform will help you seem trustworthy and will help you stay motivated. Now you have to spread your message.During your lunch period, you should not be sitting down; instead, walk around the cafeteriaorcampus. Introduce yourself! Hand out pencils and stickers.Talking to people is your best weapon.Tell them about yourself and why you want to be part of student government. Ask them what events they’d like to see planned this year or what ideas they have. However, you don't want to annoy other students (if you do, you definitely won't get elected), so try to cap yourself at 2-3 minutes of chatting, and then move on to another group. How do you get people to trust you?This is amore difficult task. Talking to people and asking about their ideas will help build some trust.To continue to build trust, you need to show your competence in the classroom.Make sure you’re known as the person who does all of their homework, gets good grades, engages in class discussions, etc.Don’t be known as the person who is always late to classor on their cell phone. How to Ace Your Campaign Speech Some schools allowcampaign speeches (mine didn't!). Speeches provide you with another opportunity to show that you're trustworthy. Here are my bullet points for a good campaign speech: Introduce yourself (It may seem obvious, but it will helpstudentswho may not know you). â€Å"Hi, I’m John Doe, and I’m running for sophomore class secretary.† Say why you want to be on student counciland why you’re qualified. Your qualifications will bea combination of personal characteristics and past experiences and successes. â€Å"I'm an excellent note-taker. I served as drama club secretary.† State your campaign platform or main focus. â€Å"I want to plan a class trip to Disney.† Explainhow you plan to accomplish your goals. â€Å"I will raise the money for the class trip by hosting a school-wide hot dog eating contest.† End with your name(again,it'll helpstudentswho may not know you). â€Å"Remember, vote for John Doeforsophomore class secretary.† These should be the main points you hit, but also try to inject some humor into your speech to make it more entertaining.Your speech should NOT be too long (I’d recommend 2-3 minutes maximum).Make it brief or you’ll lose your audience. What Are the Benefits of Joining Student Council? By joining the student government, you’re able to influence your high school.You can start new events and fundraisers.For example, as student government president, I started a donation drive to collect used prom dresses for a non-profit called Becca’sCloset.If there are things that bother you about your school thatyou'd like to improve, student council gives you an opportunity to do so.If you hated the Homecoming dance last year, you can plan a better event.Instead of having the Homecoming dance in your gym, you can move it to a hotel ballroom. If you dislike school lunches, you can try to change the menu. Student governmentalso gives you agreat leadership experience to discuss on your college application.Colleges like to see leadership experience and involvement on your resume.It shows that you can get involved in your school and improve things, which makes colleges think that hopefully you would do the same at their school. Be aware that there are potential drawbacks to joining student council.You might get blamed or criticized if people don’t enjoy your events.Nothing is worse than the class t-shirt. Someone is always unhappy and doesn’t like the design. People get this upset, SERIOUSLY. Should You Join Student Council? If you’re truly interested in planning school events and organizing fundraisers, then YES!If you’re just looking for another activity on your resume, then NO!Colleges aren’t looking for students with a laundry list of activities on their resume.Colleges are looking for students who do one thing and who do it VERY well.For more on this, read our article, How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League, by a Harvard Alum. If you love the idea of improving your school, then make student council your main extracurricular.Don’t be a mediocre student governmentmember! To be an effective member of student council, make sure you have the time to commit to it. You'll want to have at least fivehours per week to dedicate to student council. Plan ononehour for meetings and fourhours for event planning or executing events. Be on time to meetings and events. Show up to meetings with ideas for events. Take charge of event planning. Try to plan the best events your school has ever had.Plan new amazing fundraisers!Try to make real positive changes at your school! What’s Next? Interested in learning about other great extracurricular opportunities? Learn more about job shadowing, community service, and volunteer abroad programs. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The most dangerous man in america & the Pentagon Papers Essay

The most dangerous man in america & the Pentagon Papers - Essay Example f classified documents that showed how successive reigns remained unanswerable to the Press, the Congress, and the American people on a war that cost lives and the economy. The Pentagon Papers revealed that a constitution should maintain liberties that ensure a government is answerable to the public. For instance, the Espionage Act of 1917 had been a great defense utilized by the government to prosecute Ellsberg (Overbeck & Belmas, 2014). This act occurred alongside the constitution’s provision for freedom of expression and freedom of press. In this view, the constitution could not adequately guard the freedom of expression that the release of documents depended upon the same. The constitution, therefore, is the sole way in which the citizens and institutions such as the press can hold governments accountable for their actions. The existence of loopholes such as the Espionage Act compromises on individuals’ abilities to perform activism against irresponsible governments. This further revealed that the constitution should provide the platform for political activism, which helps restore certain privileges that the evolution of the constitut ion, in itself, has helped establish. The Pentagon Papers coincide with the foundation of the First Amendment that defends liberties pertaining to expression, religion, assembly, and the entitlement to petition. In the Pentagon Papers’ case, Ellsberg helped promote the provision that prohibits the Congress from constraining the press or suffocating the entitlements of individuals to speak freely. In a scenario of oppression, the makers the First Amendment realized that the press is the sole savior of the citizens and their rights. There, thus, was a need to protect the press as a platform for diverse opinions. In addition, the press could be a proper means of petitioning the government in upholding its responsibility towards the people and relevant institutions. The Declaration of Rights holds that individuals have the

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 10

Case Study Example However, in order to provide the required services to its customers, C&S had to raise its operational costs shrink its margins and improve its customer’s relationship management. This also forced Cohen to hire more employees; thus, leading to coordination issues. The coordination issues led to the need of hiring more supervisors than before. The result was overcrowding in the workspace. The employees were mare exposed to accidents due to congestion. Eventually, the employee morale lowered, and there was an increase in turnover. Thus, in order to solve these problems, Cohen thought it wise to in cooperate the concept of â€Å"self managed teams.† C&S is currently facing a difficulty in controlling its operations. The number of employees has increased due to the increase in workload. Having won the deal to be the sole wholesaler to A&P, C&S is currently in a state of inefficiency. The workplace overcrowded, and risks of injuries have risen. The working hours have increased, and the morale of the employees has reduced due to the workload thy have to do each day, leaving them very tired at the end of the day. Cohen is challenged on what to do. He is not sure of whether the method of self managed team is a brilliant idea, or not. The current situation is one of doubts and confusion. Work at C&S is perfect if handled properly. The fact that they have won a huge customer on their side shows the enormous opportunity for the company to make more profit, and win more clients. However, the strategy of how to handle the work is what is missing. Employing more people means spending more money. For a company to succeed there has to be a way by which the management ensures that more money is made as compared to what is spent. However, in C&S, it seems a lot of money is being spent in hiring more employees. This situation is a remarkably convenient opportunity to use self managed team. A self managed team would help in the reduction of the supervisors

Unit 4 Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Unit 4 Discussion Board - Essay Example Creating the sort of association with the followers probably derive all other associated activities with leadership. In this regard, it therefore not matter whether we need a new generation of leadership as well as new gender. As long as leadership can and should associate itself with the followers, there arises hardly a need to argue for a shift in the ways leadership is pursued and practiced. Though it has been argued that leadership has been viewed and studied with respect to the masculinity (-Metcalfe, 2002) however this is not the fact in its entirety. It must be noted that almost all the leadership whether in the corporate world or in political world was masculine and it was probably because of this reason that the leadership has mostly being studied within that context. In order to be an effective leader, there are various personal traits and qualities which a leader must have in order to be effective. These include from motivating the employees to making decisions of strategic nature. However, these traits are not gender specific in nature however there are certain attributes specific to both male and female leaders which both make them effective in their fields and leadership is largely gender neutral. (Gedney, 1999). However historically the evolution of leadership theories started with the focus on the masculine characteristics of the leaders. The so called Great Man theories of 1930s and 1940s greatly emphasized on the personal characteristics of the leaders including their intelligence, personal charisma etc. The great man theories largely emphasized on the role of males into the leadership however that was an era where there were very few opportunities left for the women to participate into the mainstream economy. Lack of opportunity was the refore the main reason behind the development of theoretical framework which were largely focusing on the masculine characteristics o f the leaders. This has historical connotations also because the

Impact of Economics in Political and Social Change

Impact of Economics in Political and Social Change Please use the following three reasons to explain why economics is the most important factor in the globalisation process that has been used in relation to a host of social, economic, cultural and political factors. The impact of economic globalisation in the form of the international division of labour (growth of industry in China, India, etc and the deindustrialization of sections of the so-called developed societies). Moreover, the significance of migrant labour. The relative size and importance of MNCs as economic agents (as compared with nation states). Point to the centrality of economic matters in the relations between governments, to the importance of the growth of the cultural economy in relation to cultural globalisation. 1. In a world without an international division of labour, each individual state would have to provide itself with all its needs. It would need to grow every fruit, herb, cereal and vegetable; to rear its own animals; to manufacture its own products; to extract all its own minerals and energy; to provide all its own financial, domestic and professional services; to engage in its own research, exchanging ideas only among its own academics and developing only those new products designed exclusively within its own borders; and of course it would have to train a labour-force capable of sustaining these multifarious tasks. Even the U.S., bountiful in natural resources and with an educated labour force, would struggle to do this. And of course there is no need to. The very same logic underpinning the domestic division of labour – saving labour by sharing divisible tasks among specialists – provides an argument in favour of extending that division internationally. Ideally thos e states with endless acres of pampas (Argentina) would provide the world’s meat; those with plenty of spare ground would farm for vegetables, flowers, fruit (Zambia); those highly educated (the U.S., Scandinavia) would do the research; and those densely populated and not as highly educated would provide the industry (China, India). This is ‘ideal’ from the perspective of efficient production; and only for now: there is no reason (from the point of view of efficiency) why China should not in time overtake the U.S. as the world’s research base, forcing Americans into the factories. We are moving towards this ideal, but there seem to be two main reasons why it has not been reached. Firstly, in spite of their avowed commitment to free trade and their exhortations to developing countries to open their markets, Western nations have been reluctant to cede total management of their domestic economies to the global market. This is because their constituents wish t o retain traditional industries; hence the protectionist rows over the C.A.P. in Europe (particularly in the traditionally agricultural states of France and Ireland) and over cotton and steel in the U.S. Consequently the international ‘division’ is neither efficient nor equitable. Secondly, a fair international division of labour would entail rather different prices for goods, for example food, energy and research and development. This is contrary to the interest of those currently benefiting most from the international economy, the Western states. So we have a qualified international division of labour. But even so, the extraordinary importance of several developing nations is beginning to be felt. China, India and Brazil now account for a significant share of international trade, and consequently wield increasing influence in international trade negotiations and supranational organisations (e.g. WTO, WB, IMF). 2. It is well known that the turnovers of many multinational corporations are larger than the GDPs of many developing nations. Of the top 100 economies in the world, roughly half are corporations. Wal-Mart is bigger than 161 states, including Israel, Poland and Greece. Mitsubishi is larger than Indonesia; General Motors than Denmark; Toyota than Norway. Hyperglobalists such as Ohmae (Held, 1999) argue that we are witnessing the restructuring of the international system from the Westphalian system in which states were rule makers to a post-Westphalian era in which states are frequently rule takers. In this new era not just states but MNCs as well as sub-, trans- and supra-state actors increasingly determine the outcome of international relations. Thus Ruggie has argued that there has been an ‘unbundling’ of the relation between sovereignty, territoriality and state power (1998). Sceptics such as Hirst and Thompson, however, deny such heady claims (Held 1999) . They argue that states are the architects of globalisation, and its chief beneficiaries. They point to the ability of even developing nations such as China to manage information flows into their country (c.f. deal with Google to censor web-searches), and such as Bolivia to renationalise private international energy firms (in favour of the state-owned Yacimientos Petrolà ­feros Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB)). Moreover most putatively ‘multinational’ corporations are strongly rooted in their home state. Most corporations invest heavily in their national market, maintain almost exclusively national board members, are subject to mainly national legislation and in the case of financial crisis are often saved by their national governments.[1] Even those corporations that do conduct the majority of their operations internationally are generally managed from home; in 1992 for example, Nestle conducted 92% of its trade internationally but limited nonSwiss voting rights to 3% of the total.[2] In short, sceptics argue that although large, MNCs are not unruly: they are the creatures of their national governments. The truth seems to lie somewhere in between. Held has argued for a ‘transformationalist’ account of the relationship between MNCs and states, which recognises the novelty of the international system without denying that the new arrangement is still state-centred (1999). On this view, MNCs do have new authority and power issuing from their relation to new international networks and their increasing hard power, but they are nevertheless answerable to elected governmental control. 3. To coincide with Tony Blair’s visit to New Delhi, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh unveiled a  £1.2bn India Airlines order for 43 Airbus jets.[3] Such is a very common phenomenon, and not only confirms the thoughts above but shows the symbolic significance of healthy economic relations between states. Scholars point to the significance of two sources of power in international relations. ‘Hard power’ is the ability to coerce others to bring about your preferred outcomes by means of military or economic threats or rewards (Nye 2005). Realists argue that international relations are determined by the distribution of hard power resources, which ‘balances’ the various international actors’ expectations (Nye 2005). In this era, with both nuclear weapons and increasingly significant global pacifistic norms, the importance of military power is waning. Economic force now trumps military force in hard power efficacy. But, as suggested, normative resources are increasingly significant. ‘Soft power’ is the ability to realise preferred outcomes by getting others to want what you want; to co-opt rather than coerce (Nye 2005). A state’s interests will be more attractive if the national culture is perceived to be benign. Until the Iraq War, for example, the norms and culture of the U.S. – liberty, democracy and equality – were held in sufficiently high international regard to sanction a number of controversial U.S. foreign policies. Since the perceived injustices in that conflict U.S. negotiating power has diminished. From this we can extract two points. Firstly it is clear that even the U.S.’s overwhelming military predominance cannot ensure its preferred international outcomes. Secondly international normative interdependence ensures that soft power –perceivedly benign intent – and hence the content of a state’s culture increasingly determines the effectiveness of th at state’s international ambitions. Bibliography Held, D., 1999. Global Transformations. London: Polity Press. Nye, J., 2005. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. London: Public Affairs. Morgenthau, H., 1992, Politics Among Nations. New York: McGraw Hill Publishing. Ruggie, J.G., 1998. Constructing the World Polity: Essays on International Institutionalisation. New York: Routledge. Waltz, K., 1979, Theory of International Politics. New York: McGraw Hill Publishing. 1 [1] Information from http://www.rcgfrfi.easynet.co.uk/marxism/articles/glob131.htm. Accessed 07 August 2006. [2] Ibid. [3] Information from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4221678.stm. Accessed 07 August 2006.